{"id":4861,"date":"2025-05-05T12:52:52","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T09:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=4861"},"modified":"2025-05-05T12:52:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T09:52:52","slug":"ayhan-citil-aristoteles-metafizik-okumalari-25-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/ayhan-citil-aristoteles-metafizik-okumalari-25-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: AR\u0130STOTELES, METAF\u0130Z\u0130K OKUMALARI 25. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: AR\u0130STOTELES, METAF\u0130Z\u0130K OKUMALARI 25. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ana Temalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cevherin Dilsel Temellendirilmesi ve Ad Sorunu<\/strong>
    \nSeminer, Aristoteles\u2019in cevher anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dilsel yap\u0131larla ili\u015fkilendirerek temellendirir. \u201cYuvarlak kare\u201d gibi \u00e7eli\u015fik ifadeler \u00fczerinden, bir ifadenin \u00f6zne olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6ndermede bulundu\u011fu bir nesnenin var olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulan\u0131r. Aristoteles\u2019in cevheri yaln\u0131zca ontolojik de\u011fil, dildeki \u00f6zel adlar\u0131n referans zemini olarak da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilir. Bu ba\u011flamda, varl\u0131k ve anlam, dilsel g\u00f6nderimle s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ili\u015fkilendirilir.<\/li>\n
  2. Meinong ve Russell: Varl\u0131k ve Olmayan \u015eeyler<\/strong>
    \nMeinong\u2019un \u201colmayan varl\u0131klar\u201d fikrine g\u00f6re, her nesne belirli niteliklere sahiptir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir; buna kar\u015f\u0131 Russell, b\u00f6yle ifadelerin nesneye de\u011fil, \u00f6nerme yap\u0131s\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu savunur. \u201cYuvarlak kare vard\u0131r\u201d \u00f6nermesinde y\u00fcklemdeki \u00e7eli\u015fki nedeniyle \u00f6znenin ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece dildeki her ifade varl\u0131\u011fa i\u015faret etmez; ontolojik stat\u00fc i\u00e7in dilsel yeterlilik yetmez.<\/li>\n
  3. Russell ve Kripke Aras\u0131nda \u00d6zel Ad Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>
    \nRussell\u2019\u0131n betimlemeci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda adlar\u0131n anlam\u0131 tasvirlerden olu\u015furken, Kripke bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak \u00f6zel adlar\u0131n betimleyici i\u00e7erikten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak do\u011frudan g\u00f6ndermede bulundu\u011funu, yani \u201ckat\u0131 g\u00f6nderici\u201d oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Bu durum, Aristoteles\u2019in cevher anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na modern bir zemin kazand\u0131r\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc cevher, y\u00fcklemlere indirgenemeyen bireysel varl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Cevherin Kurulumu: Akl\u0131n Rol\u00fc ve K\u00fclli\u011fe Y\u00fckseli\u015f<\/strong>
    \nAristoteles\u2019te cevher yaln\u0131zca duyulur de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda akl\u0131n ortak olanda birle\u015fmesiyle kurulur. Akl\u0131n deneyimlerden k\u00fclli olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve bu k\u00fclli\u011fin bireye y\u00fcklenmesi cevherin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel temelini olu\u015fturur. Ancak burada Platoncu ayr\u0131m yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelir: Ortak olan\u0131n bilgiye konu olmas\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa bireyin belirlenmesi mi \u00f6nceliklidir?<\/li>\n
  5. Ontolojik Stat\u00fc ve Transandantal Faaliyet<\/strong>
    \nSeminer, bireyin \u201cbu\u201d olarak ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan akli y\u00f6nelimi cevherin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fiyle ili\u015fkilendirir. Cevherin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, onun y\u00fcklemlerle kurulamayacak bir bireylik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131yla anlam kazan\u0131r. Dil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve varl\u0131k aras\u0131nda kopmaz bir ba\u011f vard\u0131r ve metafizik, bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong>
    \nBu seminer, Aristoteles\u2019in cevher kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f dil felsefesi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla (Meinong, Russell, Kripke) ili\u015fkilendirerek ontolojik temelleri yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye davet eder. \u00d6zellikle adlar\u0131n g\u00f6nderim g\u00fcc\u00fc, bireyin ontolojik temeli ve akl\u0131n kurucu rol\u00fc ekseninde, klasik metafizi\u011fin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz felsefesiyle ba\u011flar\u0131 sorgulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Main Themes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The Linguistic Grounding of Substance and the Problem of Names<\/strong>
      \nThe seminar begins by grounding Aristotle\u2019s concept of substance within linguistic structures. Using paradoxical expressions like \u201cround square,\u201d it is emphasized that for a term to be a subject in a proposition, it must refer to an existent. Aristotle sees substance not only ontologically but also as the referent of proper names. Thus, being and meaning are closely tied to linguistic reference.<\/li>\n
    2. Meinong and Russell: Being and Non-Existent Entities<\/strong>
      \nMeinong asserts that even non-existent objects can be conceived as having properties. In contrast, Russell argues that such expressions refer not to real objects but to the structure of propositions. In the case of \u201ca round square exists,\u201d the contradiction in the predicate prevents the subject from being truly established. Hence, not all expressions in language denote existence; linguistic form alone is insufficient for ontological status.<\/li>\n
    3. Proper Names in Russell vs. Kripke<\/strong>
      \nRussell\u2019s descriptivist theory claims that names derive meaning from associated descriptions. Kripke counters this with his theory of \u201crigid designators,\u201d asserting that names refer directly to the same object across all possible worlds, regardless of description. This modern view provides new ground for Aristotle\u2019s notion of substance\u2014as something irreducible to predicates and uniquely referable.<\/li>\n
    4. Constitution of Substance: The Role of Intellect and Universals<\/strong>
      \nFor Aristotle, substance is not only sensible but also established through the intellect\u2019s grasp of commonality. The intellect forms universals from repeated experiences, which then serve as the basis for attributing individuality. However, this raises a tension with Plato: is knowledge of the universal prior, or is the individuation of the particular more fundamental?<\/li>\n
    5. Ontological Status and Transcendental Activity<\/strong>
      \nThe seminar concludes by relating the reality of substance to the intellect\u2019s ability to posit something as a distinct \u201cthis.\u201d Substance gains meaning not through predicates but through individuation. Metaphysics, in this view, must uncover the triadic bond between language, thought, and being.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Conclusion:<\/strong>
      \nThis seminar reconsiders Aristotle\u2019s concept of substance in light of contemporary philosophy of language debates (Meinong, Russell, Kripke). It explores how proper names refer, how individuation is grounded, and how the intellect plays a constitutive role in ontology\u2014ultimately proposing a renewed metaphysical inquiry into the nature of being.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: AR\u0130STOTELES, METAF\u0130Z\u0130K OKUMALARI 25. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Ana Temalar: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4861","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4861"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4862,"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4861\/revisions\/4862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}