{"id":3252,"date":"2025-02-02T17:30:24","date_gmt":"2025-02-02T14:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=3252"},"modified":"2025-02-02T17:50:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T14:50:09","slug":"esref-altas-teftazani-okumalari-serhul-akaid-15","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-teftazani-okumalari-serhul-akaid-15\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015fref Alta\u015f: \u015eerhu\u2019l-\u0130\u015f\u00e2r\u00e2t Okumalar\u0131 15"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e: \u015eERHU&#8217;L-\u0130\u015e\u00c2R\u00c2T OKUMALARI 15. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu seminer, \u0130bn Sina&#8217;n\u0131n zorunlu varl\u0131k, illiyet, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve imkans\u0131z kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Fahreddin Razi&#8217;nin ele\u015ftirileri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda analiz eder. Tesels\u00fcl, devrin iptali ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131n mahiyet ve varl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi gibi metafizik konular derinlemesine incelenmi\u015ftir. Seminer ayr\u0131ca, zorunlu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ispat\u0131 ve birli\u011fi meselelerine odaklanarak, klasik \u0130slam felsefesindeki temel tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kavramsal bir d\u00fczeyde yeniden ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Zorunlu Varl\u0131k ve M\u00fcmk\u00fcn Tan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130bn Sina, bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya zorunlu, ya m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ya da imkans\u0131z olarak tan\u0131mlanabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer.<\/li>\n<li>Fahreddin Razi, bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n totolojik ve eksik oldu\u011funu iddia ederek, &#8220;ne kendinden ne de ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan var olan&#8221; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir alternatifin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tesels\u00fcl\u00fcn \u0130ptali:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130bn Sina, sonsuz bir nedensellik zincirinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bir zorunlu varl\u0131k ile bu zincirin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtir.<\/li>\n<li>Fahreddin Razi, tesels\u00fcl\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca zamansal de\u011fil, varl\u0131ksal bir geriye gidi\u015fle de sorgulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Devrin (K\u0131s\u0131r D\u00f6ng\u00fc) \u0130ptali:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130bn Sina, bir nedenin kendi sonucu \u00fczerinde yeniden neden olmas\u0131n\u0131n (k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc) mant\u0131ksal olarak imkans\u0131z oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li>\n<li>Razi, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc desteklese de, \u0130bn Sina\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde gerek\u00e7elendirmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Varl\u0131k-Mahiyet Ayr\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00fcmk\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131n mahiyet ve varl\u0131k aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131ma tabi oldu\u011fu, ancak zorunlu varl\u0131kta bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunulur.<\/li>\n<li>Razi, mahiyetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudan a\u00e7\u0131klayamayaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekerek, bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n metafizik temellerini ele\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u00fcme Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile Tesels\u00fcl\u00fcn \u0130ncelenmesi:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130bn Sina, varl\u0131klar\u0131 bir k\u00fcme olarak ele alarak, bu k\u00fcmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir zorunlu varl\u0131k olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bu varl\u0131klar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/li>\n<li>Fahreddin Razi, k\u00fcme ve par\u00e7alar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerle bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc detayland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zorunlu Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Birli\u011fi:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130bn Sina, zorunlu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7alanamaz ve basit bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li>\n<li>Kelami gelene\u011fin aksine, birlik tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Tanr\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u015fahsi birli\u011fi yerine metafizik bir birli\u011fi \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu seminer, \u0130bn Sina&#8217;n\u0131n metafizik arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde analiz ederken, Fahreddin Razi\u2019nin ele\u015ftirilerini bir de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7irir. Zorunlu varl\u0131k, tesels\u00fcl ve mahiyet-varl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi gibi konular, \u0130slam felsefesindeki temel tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir zemin sa\u011flar. Razi\u2019nin ele\u015ftirileri, \u0130bn Sina\u2019n\u0131n metafizik sistemi \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi te\u015fvik eder ve bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonraki felsefi geleneklere etkisini ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This seminar analyzes Ibn Sina&#8217;s discussions on the concepts of necessary existence, causality, possibility, and impossibility, alongside Fahreddin Razi&#8217;s critiques. Core metaphysical issues such as the rejection of infinite regress (<em>tasalsul<\/em>), circular causation (<em>daur<\/em>), and the relationship between essence and existence in contingent beings are examined. The seminar also focuses on the proof and unity of necessary existence, revisiting fundamental debates in classical Islamic philosophy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Definition of Necessary and Contingent Beings:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ibn Sina argues that a being must be classified as either necessary, contingent, or impossible.<\/li>\n<li>Fahreddin Razi critiques this classification, proposing the possibility of a third category: &#8220;a being neither existing through itself nor through another.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rejection of Infinite Regress:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ibn Sina asserts that an infinite chain of causality is impossible and must terminate in a necessary being.<\/li>\n<li>Razi emphasizes that infinite regress must be questioned not only temporally but also in terms of existential dependence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rejection of Circular Causation (<em>Daur<\/em>):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ibn Sina deems it logically impossible for a cause to rely on its own effect, forming a circular dependency.<\/li>\n<li>While Razi agrees with this position, he argues that Ibn Sina should provide a more detailed justification for this principle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Essence-Existence Distinction:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ibn Sina differentiates between essence and existence in contingent beings, arguing that in necessary existence, this distinction does not apply.<\/li>\n<li>Razi critiques the metaphysical foundations of this distinction, suggesting that essence cannot independently explain existence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analysis of Infinite Regress Through a Set Approach:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ibn Sina considers beings collectively as a set, arguing that without a necessary being outside this set, the existence of the set cannot be explained.<\/li>\n<li>Razi counters by examining the relationship between the set and its individual members.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unity of Necessary Existence:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ibn Sina contends that the necessary existence is indivisible and simple in nature.<\/li>\n<li>Unlike the theological approach, this unity is discussed in a metaphysical context rather than as a personal attribute of God.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This seminar offers a comprehensive examination of Ibn Sina\u2019s metaphysical arguments while critically engaging with Fahreddin Razi\u2019s counterpoints. Topics such as necessary existence, infinite regress, and the essence-existence relationship provide foundational insights into Islamic philosophical thought. Razi\u2019s critiques encourage a deeper reflection on the metaphysical underpinnings of Ibn Sina\u2019s system and their influence on subsequent philosophical traditions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e: \u015eERHU&#8217;L-\u0130\u015e\u00c2R\u00c2T OKUMALARI 15. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Bu seminer, \u0130bn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3252","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3252"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3288,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3252\/revisions\/3288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}