{"id":3662,"date":"2025-03-03T00:42:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T21:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=3662"},"modified":"2025-03-03T00:42:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T21:42:56","slug":"esref-altas-teftazani-okumalari-serhul-akaid-9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-teftazani-okumalari-serhul-akaid-9\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015fref Alta\u015f, Teft\u00e2z\u00e2n\u00ee Okumalar\u0131: \u015eerhu\u2019l-ak\u00e2id 9"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, TEFT\u00c2Z\u00c2N\u00ce OKUMALARI \u015eERHU’L-AK\u00c2\u0130D\u00a0 9. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminerde \u00e2lemin hud\u00fbsu (sonradan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131) ve delilleri ele al\u0131narak, kelamc\u0131lar ve filozoflar aras\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Cevher ve araz tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00e2lemin sonlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n atomculuk teorisi ve s\u00fcreklilik\u00e7i fizik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tutumu detayland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan, hud\u00fbs delili, tesels\u00fcl\u00fcn imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131 gibi konular i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00c2lemin Hud\u00fbsu ve Kelam\u00ee A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/strong>
    \nKelamc\u0131lar, \u00e2lemin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle sonradan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ve her muhdessin (sonradan olan\u0131n) bir muhdisi (yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131) bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, \u0130mam Nesef\u00ee ve \u0130mam Taftaz\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda incelenmi\u015f, filozoflar\u0131n \u00e2lemin ezel\u00ee oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 deliller sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n
  2. Filozoflar\u0131n ve Kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e2lem Anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/strong>
    \nKelamc\u0131lar, \u00e2lemi Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka her \u015fey olarak tan\u0131mlarken, filozoflar g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ve unsurlar \u00e2lemini farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Filozoflar, g\u00f6ksel cisimlerin ezel\u00ee oldu\u011funu, ancak d\u00fcnyadaki olaylar\u0131n sonradan meydana geldi\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n kelamc\u0131lar, \u00e2lemin tamam\u0131n\u0131n hud\u00fbs deliliyle ispat edilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  3. Cevher ve Araz Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>
    \nKelamc\u0131lar, cevheri (varl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc) ve arazlar\u0131 (varl\u0131klar\u0131n niteliklerini) \u00e2lemin hud\u00fbsunun temel delilleri olarak ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cisimler, cevherlerin birle\u015fiminden olu\u015furken, hareket, renk ve tat gibi nitelikler ise araz olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ayr\u0131m, atomculuk teorisini savunan kelamc\u0131lar ile s\u00fcreklilik\u00e7i fizi\u011fi benimseyen filozoflar aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Hud\u00fbs Delili ve Tesels\u00fcl\u00fcn \u0130mk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>
    \nHud\u00fbs delili, \u00e2lemde g\u00f6zlemlenen de\u011fi\u015fimlerin, onun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini savunur. \u0130mam Taftaz\u00e2n\u00ee, bu delilin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tesels\u00fcl\u00fcn (sonsuz geri gidi\u015fin) imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren delilleri de sunmu\u015ftur. Tesels\u00fcl, bir \u015feyin sonsuz bir nedenler zincirine dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle reddedilmi\u015f, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mutlaka bir ilk sebebe dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  5. Allah\u2019\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spat\u0131 ve \u0130mk\u00e2n Delili<\/strong>
    \n\u0130mam Taftaz\u00e2n\u00ee, hud\u00fbs delili ile Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlad\u0131ktan sonra, imk\u00e2n deliline de de\u011finmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131n kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na var olamayaca\u011f\u0131, bunlar\u0131n zorunlu bir varl\u0131\u011fa (Allah\u2019a) dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda, felsef\u00ee geleneklerdeki varl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu seminerde, \u00e2lemin hud\u00fbsu, cevher ve araz ayr\u0131m\u0131, hud\u00fbs delili ve Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131 konular\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Filozoflar\u0131n ve kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e2lem anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farklar, \u00f6zellikle atomculuk ve s\u00fcreklilik\u00e7i fizik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hud\u00fbs deliliyle \u00e2lemin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7s\u0131z olamayaca\u011f\u0131 savunulmu\u015f, tesels\u00fcl\u00fcn imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve imk\u00e2n deliliyle de Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispat edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    This seminar examines the createdness (\u1e25ud\u016bth) of the universe and its proofs, highlighting the key differences between theologians (kal\u0101m scholars) and philosophers. The discussion revolves around the debate on substance (jawhar) and accident (\u02bfara\u1e0d), the finiteness of the universe, and the opposition of kal\u0101m scholars to continuous physical theories. Additionally, the proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth, the impossibility of infinite regress (tasalsul), and the proof of God\u2019s existence are analyzed.<\/p>\n

    Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The Createdness (\u1e24ud\u016bth) of the Universe and Theological Explanations<\/strong>
      \nKal\u0101m scholars argue that the universe is entirely created and must have a creator (muhdith). This perspective is examined through the explanations of Im\u0101m al-Nasaf\u012b and Im\u0101m al-Taft\u0101z\u0101n\u012b, who refute the philosophers’ claim that the universe is eternal.<\/li>\n
    2. Philosophical vs. Theological Views on the Universe<\/strong>
      \nWhile theologians define the universe as everything other than God, philosophers differentiate between celestial and terrestrial realms. Philosophers claim that heavenly bodies are eternal, while only earthly events are contingent. Kal\u0101m scholars reject this distinction, asserting that the entire universe must be demonstrated as contingent through the proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth.<\/li>\n
    3. The Debate on Substance (Jawhar) and Accident (\u02bfAra\u1e0d)<\/strong>
      \nKal\u0101m scholars view substances as the building blocks of bodies and accidents as their changing attributes (e.g., motion, color, taste). This distinction forms the basis of the proof of the createdness of the universe. The discussion contrasts atomist theories of kal\u0101m scholars with the continuity-based physics of philosophers.<\/li>\n
    4. The Proof of \u1e24ud\u016bth and the Impossibility of Infinite Regress (Tasalsul)<\/strong>
      \nThe proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth argues that observable changes in the universe indicate its beginning. Im\u0101m al-Taft\u0101z\u0101n\u012b supports this proof by also demonstrating the impossibility of infinite regress. Tasalsul (an infinite causal chain) is rejected, as an effect cannot depend on an infinite series of causes without an initial cause. Thus, a first cause is necessary.<\/li>\n
    5. The Proof of God\u2019s Existence and the Argument from Contingency (Imk\u0101n)<\/strong>
      \nAfter proving the createdness of the universe, Im\u0101m al-Taft\u0101z\u0101n\u012b discusses the argument from contingency (dal\u012bl al-imk\u0101n). Since contingent beings cannot exist by themselves, they must rely on a necessary being (God). This contrasts the philosophical and theological views on existence and causality.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

      This seminar explores the createdness of the universe, the substance-accident distinction, the proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth, and the existence of God. The contrast between philosophers’ and theologians’ views on the universe is analyzed, particularly through the debate between atomism and continuity-based physics. The proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth establishes that the universe cannot be eternal, while the impossibility of infinite regress and the argument from contingency serve as further evidence for God\u2019s existence.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, TEFT\u00c2Z\u00c2N\u00ce OKUMALARI \u015eERHU’L-AK\u00c2\u0130D\u00a0 9. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Bu seminerde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3662","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3662"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3664,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3662\/revisions\/3664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}