{"id":3760,"date":"2025-03-03T01:30:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T22:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=3760"},"modified":"2025-03-03T01:30:26","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T22:30:26","slug":"ekrem-demirli-kitabut-tevhid-okumalari-17","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/ekrem-demirli-kitabut-tevhid-okumalari-17\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekrem Demirli: Kit\u00e2bu\u2019t-Tevh\u00eed Okumalar\u0131 17"},"content":{"rendered":"

EKREM DEM\u0130RL\u0130: K\u0130T\u00c2BU’T-TEVH\u00ceD OKUMALARI 17. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminer, \u0130slam teolojisinde insan fiilleri (af\u2018\u00e2l al-\u2018ib\u00e2d<\/em>) konusunu ele almakta, ilahi irade, insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve sorumlulu\u011fu aras\u0131ndaki teolojik ve felsefi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 incelemektedir. \u00d6nceki seminerlerde ele al\u0131nan \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fiilleri ama\u00e7l\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d sorusunun devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan bu tart\u0131\u015fma, S\u00fcnni kel\u00e2m<\/em> gelene\u011finin determinizm ile \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ilahi y\u00f6netimde hikmet (\u1e25ikma<\/em>) kavram\u0131n\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Fiillerinin Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Olup Olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>: Seminer, klasik d\u00f6nemde Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fiillerinin bir amaca y\u00f6nelik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu yeniden ele almaktad\u0131r. \u0130mam M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fiilleri hikmetlidir, ancak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli teolojik tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. S\u00fcnni kel\u00e2m<\/em>, bu ikilemi rasyonel bir s\u00f6ylemle dengelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. S\u00fcnni D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede Hikmet (Hikma<\/em>) Kavram\u0131<\/strong>: S\u00fcnni kel\u00e2m<\/em> genellikle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 u\u00e7lardan ka\u00e7\u0131narak rasyonalite ve tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ma\u2018k\u016bliyya<\/em>) \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan bir s\u00f6ylem geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda, hikmet kavram\u0131n\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mutlak iradesiyle nas\u0131l ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. Teolojide \u0130nsan Fiillerinin Rol\u00fc<\/strong>: \u0130lahi irade ile insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr eylemleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, insan fiillerinin ontolojik (varl\u0131k d\u00fczlemindeki) ve etik (ahlaki sorumluluk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan) perspektiflerden nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi analiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  4. Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Egemenli\u011fi ile \u0130nsan Sorumlulu\u011fu Aras\u0131ndaki Denge<\/strong>: Seminerde, ilahi mutlak iradenin korunmas\u0131yla birlikte insan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa nas\u0131l yer a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kel\u00e2m<\/em> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Cebriyye<\/em>\u2019nin (determinist) ve Mutezile<\/em>\u2019nin (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade yanl\u0131s\u0131) yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir denge kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  5. \u0130nsan\u0131n \u0130lahi \u0130radeyi Anlamadaki S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/strong>: Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hikmetini kavramadaki epistemolojik zorluklar ele al\u0131narak, kel\u00e2m<\/em> gelene\u011finin tam a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yerine iman\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsedi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  6. Kur\u2019\u00e2n Yorumu ve Kel\u00e2m\u00ee Hermen\u00f6tik<\/strong>: Seminerde, muhkem<\/em> (a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin) ve m\u00fcte\u015f\u00e2bih<\/em> (yoruma a\u00e7\u0131k) ayetlerin nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her teolojik ekol, hangi ayetlerin esas al\u0131n\u0131p hangilerinin mecaz\u00ee anlamda yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair kendi y\u00f6ntemlerini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  7. \u0130nsan Sorumlulu\u011funun Teolojik Temellendirilmesi<\/strong>: \u0130lahi imtihan (imti\u1e25\u0101n<\/em>) kavram\u0131, insan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran temel bir ilke olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kel\u00e2m<\/em> alimlerinin bu kavram \u00fczerinden nas\u0131l arg\u00fcmanlar \u00fcrettikleri, insan\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan sahip oldu\u011fu yetiler ile d\u0131\u015fsal ilahi rehberlik aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong>:
    \nBu seminer, \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ilahi irade aras\u0131ndaki teolojik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde analiz etmektedir. \u0130mam M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee\u2019nin katk\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, S\u00fcnni gelenekte Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011fi ile insan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu aras\u0131ndaki denge nas\u0131l sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r sorusuna yan\u0131t aranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hikmet<\/em> kavram\u0131n\u0131n teolojik a\u00e7mazlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmedeki rol\u00fc incelenmi\u015f ve kel\u00e2m<\/em> alimlerinin bu konudaki y\u00f6ntemleri ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son olarak, \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin, insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kader meselesini iman\u00ee ve rasyonel \u00e7er\u00e7evede birle\u015ftirerek sundu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    This seminar explores the issue of human actions (af\u2018\u0101l al-\u2018ib\u0101d<\/em>) in Islamic theology, focusing on the theological and philosophical debates regarding divine will, human agency, and responsibility. The discussion builds upon previous inquiries into whether divine actions have a purpose and the implications of such a perspective. The seminar further examines the Sunni kal\u0101m<\/em> tradition\u2019s approach to resolving tensions between determinism and free will, emphasizing the role of wisdom (\u1e25ikma<\/em>) in divine governance.<\/p>\n

    Main Themes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The Debate on Purpose in Divine Actions<\/strong>: The seminar revisits the classical question of whether God\u2019s actions have a purpose. According to Im\u0101m al-M\u0101tur\u012bd\u012b, divine actions do have a purpose, but this assertion raises theological dilemmas, which Sunni kal\u0101m<\/em> attempts to mediate through a balanced discourse.<\/li>\n
    2. The Concept of Wisdom (\u1e25ikma<\/em>) in Sunni Thought<\/strong>: Sunni kal\u0101m<\/em> traditionally avoids extreme positions, favoring a discourse that emphasizes rationality and coherence (ma\u2018q\u016bliyya<\/em>). The seminar discusses how the concept of wisdom is used to reconcile human understanding with divine omnipotence.<\/li>\n
    3. The Role of Human Actions in Theology<\/strong>: A crucial part of the discussion is the relationship between divine will and human agency. The distinction between ontological and ethical perspectives on human actions is critically analyzed.<\/li>\n
    4. God\u2019s Sovereignty and Human Responsibility<\/strong>: The seminar explores how divine omnipotence is maintained while allowing space for human accountability. It discusses how kal\u0101m<\/em> theology navigates between determinism (jabr<\/em>) and rationalist free will perspectives (Mu\u2018tazila<\/em>).<\/li>\n
    5. The Limits of Human Knowledge in Understanding Divine Will<\/strong>: The epistemological challenges of comprehending divine wisdom are addressed. The discussion highlights the pragmatic approach in kal\u0101m<\/em>, which seeks to reinforce belief rather than provide absolute explanations.<\/li>\n
    6. Scriptural Interpretation and Hermeneutics in Kal\u0101m<\/em><\/strong>: The seminar examines how theological traditions define muhkam<\/em> (clear) and mutash\u0101bih<\/em> (ambiguous) verses in the Qur\u2019an. Each theological school constructs its own interpretative hierarchy, determining which verses are central and which require metaphorical interpretation.<\/li>\n
    7. Theological Justification of Human Accountability<\/strong>: The concept of divine testing (imti\u1e25\u0101n<\/em>) is analyzed as the foundation for human responsibility. The seminar explores how kal\u0101m<\/em> scholars structured their arguments around this principle, differentiating between innate human capacities and external divine guidance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Conclusion<\/strong>:
      \nThis seminar provides an in-depth examination of the theological discourse on human agency and divine will in classical Islam. It highlights Im\u0101m al-M\u0101tur\u012bd\u012b\u2019s contributions and the broader Sunni approach to balancing divine sovereignty with human responsibility. The discussion underscores the role of \u1e25ikma<\/em> in reconciling theological dilemmas and emphasizes the structured hermeneutics that shaped Islamic theological thought. Ultimately, it demonstrates how classical kal\u0101m<\/em> aimed to sustain religious belief while addressing the complexities of divine justice and human freedom.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      EKREM DEM\u0130RL\u0130: K\u0130T\u00c2BU’T-TEVH\u00ceD OKUMALARI 17. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Bu seminer, \u0130slam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3760","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3760"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3762,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3760\/revisions\/3762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}