{"id":3821,"date":"2025-03-03T02:17:35","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T23:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=3821"},"modified":"2025-03-03T02:17:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T23:17:35","slug":"ferruh-ozpilavci-mantik-okumalari-katibi-es-semsiyye-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/ferruh-ozpilavci-mantik-okumalari-katibi-es-semsiyye-28\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferruh \u00d6zpilavc\u0131, Mant\u0131k Okumalar\u0131: K\u00e2tib\u00ee, e\u015f-\u015eemsiyye 28"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>FERRUH \u00d6ZP\u0130LAVCI, MANTIK OKUMALARI: K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, E\u015e-\u015eEMS\u0130YYE 28. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu seminerde ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme (istidlal) ve mant\u0131ksal arg\u00fcmantasyon konusu ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, k\u0131yas \u00f6ncesinde ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme t\u00fcrleri detayland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mant\u0131k tarihi boyunca ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme, istidlal, ihtic\u00e2c, h\u00fcccet, kan\u0131t ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kavramlarla ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Klasik mant\u0131k eserlerinde ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin formel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l in\u015fa edildi\u011fi anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, k\u0131yas konusuna giri\u015f yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce t\u00fcmden gelim, t\u00fcme var\u0131m ve temsil (analoji) y\u00f6ntemleri a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ak\u0131l Y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve Mant\u0131ksal Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Mant\u0131k, kavramlardan ba\u015flar ve \u00f6nermelere ilerler; en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde ise ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6nermeler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin duvarlar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir yap\u0131 metaforu ile anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin nihai mant\u0131ksal in\u015fa oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ak\u0131l Y\u00fcr\u00fctme T\u00fcrleri: T\u00fcmden Gelim, T\u00fcmevar\u0131m ve Temsil<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00fcmden Gelim (K\u0131yas)<\/strong>: Genelden \u00f6zele do\u011fru bir ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00f6ntemidir ve klasik mant\u0131kta en kesin y\u00f6ntem olarak kabul edilir. E\u011fer \u00f6nc\u00fcller do\u011fruysa, sonu\u00e7 zorunlu olarak do\u011frudur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00fcmevar\u0131m (\u0130stikr\u00e2)<\/strong>: Tikellerden genellere ula\u015fan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bilimsel g\u00f6zlemler ve deneyler bu ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme bi\u00e7imine dayan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temsil (Analoji)<\/strong>: Bir tikelden ba\u015fka bir tikele benzerlik kurarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yapma y\u00f6ntemidir. F\u0131k\u0131h ilmindeki k\u0131yas ile benzerlik g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00fcmden Gelim ve T\u00fcmevar\u0131m Aras\u0131ndaki Denge<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Klasik mant\u0131k kitaplar\u0131 k\u0131yasa (t\u00fcmden gelime) daha fazla \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir, ancak t\u00fcmevar\u0131m\u0131n (deney ve g\u00f6zlem temelli \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar) bilimsel geli\u015fmeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcmden gelim do\u011fru \u00f6nc\u00fcllere dayan\u0131rsa kesin bilgi sunarken, t\u00fcmevar\u0131m ihtimalli sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretir.<\/li>\n<li>Bilimsel y\u00f6ntemlerin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte t\u00fcmevar\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nemi artm\u0131\u015f, ancak yine de kesin bilgi sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ele\u015ftiriler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temsil (Analoji) ve F\u0131khi K\u0131yas \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Temsil y\u00f6ntemi, bir tikelden di\u011ferine h\u00fck\u00fcm ta\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/li>\n<li>F\u0131k\u0131h ilmindeki k\u0131yasla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen bir y\u00f6n\u00fc vard\u0131r ve benzerlikler kurularak h\u00fck\u00fcm aktar\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mant\u0131k ve Bilimsel Y\u00f6ntem \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pozitif bilimlerde t\u00fcmevar\u0131m ve t\u00fcmden gelimin birbirini tamamlayan y\u00f6ntemler oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>Klasik mant\u0131k, k\u0131yas (t\u00fcmden gelim) y\u00f6ntemine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verirken, t\u00fcmevar\u0131m bilimsel ke\u015fifler i\u00e7in temel bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu seminerde ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme kavram\u0131, istidlal t\u00fcrleri ve mant\u0131ksal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme y\u00f6ntemleri ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klasik mant\u0131kta k\u0131yas\u0131n \u00f6nemi vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, ancak bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede t\u00fcmevar\u0131m\u0131n ve temsilin de \u00f6nemli ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00f6ntemleri oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bir sonraki seminerde k\u0131yas konusu detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This seminar focuses on reasoning (istidl\u0101l) and logical argumentation, detailing the types of reasoning before introducing syllogism (qiy\u0101s). Throughout the history of logic, reasoning has been expressed through terms such as istidl\u0101l, i\u1e25tij\u0101j (argumentation), \u1e25ujja (proof), evidence, and inference. The seminar explains how the formal structure of reasoning is constructed in classical logic texts, covering deduction, induction, and analogy before delving into syllogisms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Reasoning and the Construction of Logical Structure<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Logic begins with concepts, progresses to propositions, and culminates in reasoning.<\/li>\n<li>Reasoning is metaphorically described as the highest level of a logical structure, where propositions form its foundations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Types of Reasoning: Deduction, Induction, and Analogy<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Deduction (Qiy\u0101s):<\/strong> A general-to-specific form of reasoning, considered the most reliable method in classical logic. If the premises are true, the conclusion necessarily follows.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Induction (Istiqr\u0101\u02be):<\/strong> A specific-to-general reasoning process based on particular observations. This method underlies scientific observation and experimentation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analogy (Tamth\u012bl):<\/strong> A reasoning method where a rule applied to one specific case is extended to another similar case, resembling the qiy\u0101s (analogy) used in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Balance Between Deduction and Induction<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Classical logic prioritizes deduction (qiy\u0101s), while induction (istiqr\u0101\u02be) plays a crucial role in scientific discovery.<\/li>\n<li>Deductive reasoning guarantees certainty if based on true premises, whereas inductive reasoning produces probabilistic conclusions.<\/li>\n<li>With the advancement of scientific methodology, induction gained prominence but remained subject to criticism for its lack of absolute certainty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analogy (Tamth\u012bl) and Its Relation to Juridical Qiy\u0101s<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Analogy functions by transferring a ruling from one specific case to another based on similarity.<\/li>\n<li>This process is akin to qiy\u0101s in Islamic jurisprudence, where legal rulings are extended through analogy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Relationship Between Logic and Scientific Methodology<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In positive sciences, induction and deduction complement each other.<\/li>\n<li>Classical logic emphasizes deduction, while induction plays a fundamental role in empirical discoveries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This seminar examines the concept of reasoning, types of inference, and logical thinking methods. While classical logic prioritizes syllogistic reasoning (qiy\u0101s), induction and analogy also play significant roles in scientific and legal thought. The next seminar will delve deeper into the topic of syllogisms<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FERRUH \u00d6ZP\u0130LAVCI, MANTIK OKUMALARI: K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, E\u015e-\u015eEMS\u0130YYE 28. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Bu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3821","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3821"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3823,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3821\/revisions\/3823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}