{"id":3824,"date":"2025-03-03T02:21:09","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T23:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=3824"},"modified":"2025-03-03T02:21:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T23:21:09","slug":"hayrettin-nebi-gudekli-kelama-giris-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/hayrettin-nebi-gudekli-kelama-giris-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Hayrettin Nebi G\u00fcdekli: Kelama Giri\u015f 7"},"content":{"rendered":"

HAYRETT\u0130N NEB\u0130 G\u00dcDEKL\u0130: KELAMA G\u0130R\u0130\u015e 7. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminerde Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131 konusu ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 detayland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, klasik metinlerde bu kan\u0131tlar\u0131n hangi kavramlar ve \u00f6nermeler \u00fczerinden olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu incelenmi\u015ftir. \u00c2lemin mahiyeti, cevherler ve arazlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan hud\u00fbs delili ve Allah\u2019\u0131n zorunlu varl\u0131k (v\u00e2cib\u00fc\u2019l-v\u00fcc\u00fbd) olarak ispat\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00c2lemin Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Mahiyeti<\/strong>\n
      \n
    • Kelamc\u0131lar, \u00e2lemi Allah\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her \u015fey olarak tan\u0131mlarlar (m\u00e2siv\u00e2ullah).<\/li>\n
    • Cevherler ve arazlar, \u00e2lemin temel bile\u015fenleri olarak kabul edilir.<\/li>\n
    • Cevherler b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck varl\u0131k birimleri, arazlar ise bu cevherlerin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici \u00f6zelliklerdir.<\/li>\n
    • B\u00fct\u00fcn fiziksel nesneler ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrde cevherlerden olu\u015fur, farkl\u0131l\u0131k ise arazlarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Hud\u00fbs Delili ve Allah\u2019\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\n
        \n
      • Hud\u00fbs (sonradan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k) delili, \u00e2lemdeki de\u011fi\u015fimin g\u00f6zlemlenmesine dayan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • Cisimlerin hareket ve dura\u011fanl\u0131k (s\u00fck\u00fbn) gibi olu\u015flara sahip olmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n sonradan meydana geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n
      • Her sonradan var olan\u0131n bir yarat\u0131c\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e2lemin de bir muhd\u00eesi (yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131) olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • Bu delil, Mu\u2018tezile kelamc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Ebu\u2019l-Huzeyl taraf\u0131ndan sistemle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Zorunlu Varl\u0131k (V\u00e2cib\u00fc\u2019l-V\u00fcc\u00fbd) Kavram\u0131<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • Kelamc\u0131lar, Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca hud\u00fbs deliliyle de\u011fil, imk\u00e2n deliliyle de temellendirirler.<\/li>\n
        • Her m\u00fcmk\u00fcn varl\u0131k, var olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir tercihe ihtiya\u00e7 duyar; bu da ancak zorunlu bir varl\u0131k ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
        • Sonsuz geriye gidi\u015f (tesels\u00fcl) m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu tercihi yapan varl\u0131k zorunlu varl\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Allah\u2019\u0131n Birli\u011fi (Burh\u00e2n-\u0131 Tem\u00e2nu\u02bf)<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • Kur\u2019an\u00ee temellendirmelerle desteklenen Burh\u00e2n-\u0131 Tem\u00e2nu\u02bf (Mutual Hindrance Argument), Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fini kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
          • E\u011fer evrende iki ilah olsayd\u0131, istekleri \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve d\u00fczen bozulurdu.<\/li>\n
          • \u0130ki mutlak iradenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fki do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131ndan, birden fazla ilah olmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • Allah\u2019\u0131n S\u0131fatlar\u0131 ve Kelam\u00ee G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler<\/strong>\n
              \n
            • Kelamc\u0131lar, Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken O\u2019nun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair akl\u00ee \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlara dayan\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n
            • \u0130lk d\u00f6rt s\u0131fat: Kadir (g\u00fc\u00e7 sahibi), Al\u00eem (bilgi sahibi), Hayy (diri) ve Mevc\u00fbd (var olan) olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
            • Mu\u2018tezile, Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 zat\u00ee ve fiil\u00ee olarak ay\u0131rarak fiil\u00ee s\u0131fatlar\u0131n sonradan oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li>\n
            • E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee ve M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee ekolleri ise Allah\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n ezel\u00ee oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerler.<\/li>\n
            • Tekvin, irade ve kel\u00e2m s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n ezel\u00ee olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ekoller farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Bu seminerde, \u00e2lemin mahiyeti, hud\u00fbs delili, Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zorunlulu\u011fu ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n mahiyeti tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hud\u00fbs ve imk\u00e2n delilleriyle ispatlanm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan birli\u011fi Burh\u00e2n-\u0131 Tem\u00e2nu\u02bf ile temellendirilmi\u015ftir. S\u0131fatlar\u0131n ezel\u00ee olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesinde Mu\u2018tezile, E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee ve M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee ekollerinin farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              This seminar explores the existence and attributes of God. It examines how kal\u0101m scholars attempt to prove God\u2019s existence and the conceptual foundations used in classical texts. The nature of the universe is discussed in relation to substances (jaw\u0101hir) and accidents (a\u02bfr\u0101\u1e0d), followed by an analysis of the proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth (origination) and the argument for God as the necessary being (w\u0101jib al-wuj\u016bd).<\/p>\n

              Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. The Definition and Nature of the Universe<\/strong>\n
                  \n
                • Kal\u0101m scholars define the universe (\u02bf\u0101lam) as everything other than God (m\u0101 siw\u0101 All\u0101h).<\/li>\n
                • Substances (jaw\u0101hir) and accidents (a\u02bfr\u0101\u1e0d) are considered the fundamental components of existence.<\/li>\n
                • Substances are indivisible entities, while accidents are temporary attributes that exist within substances.<\/li>\n
                • All physical objects are composed of the same kind of substances, with differences arising from accidents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • The Proof of \u1e24ud\u016bth (Origination) and God\u2019s Existence<\/strong>\n
                    \n
                  • The proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth is based on observing change within the universe.<\/li>\n
                  • Since bodies exhibit movement, rest, and other contingent properties, they must have a beginning.<\/li>\n
                  • Everything that comes into existence must have a creator, implying that the universe requires a muhdith (originator).<\/li>\n
                  • This argument was systematized by the Mu\u02bftazil\u012b scholar Ab\u016b al-Hudhayl.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • The Concept of Necessary Existence (W\u0101jib al-Wuj\u016bd)<\/strong>\n
                      \n
                    • Kal\u0101m scholars establish God\u2019s existence not only through \u1e25ud\u016bth but also through the argument from contingency (dal\u012bl al-imk\u0101n).<\/li>\n
                    • Contingent beings require an external cause to determine their existence, which must be a necessary being.<\/li>\n
                    • Since an infinite regress (tasalsul) is impossible, this necessary being must exist independently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                    • The Unity of God (Burh\u0101n al-Tam\u0101nu\u02bf)<\/strong>\n
                        \n
                      • The Qur\u02be\u0101nic argument known as Burh\u0101n al-Tam\u0101nu\u02bf (Mutual Hindrance Argument) is used to prove the unity of God.<\/li>\n
                      • If there were two gods, their wills would inevitably conflict, disrupting the order of the universe.<\/li>\n
                      • Since absolute power cannot be shared without contradiction, the existence of multiple deities is logically impossible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                      • The Attributes of God and Kal\u0101m Perspectives<\/strong>\n
                          \n
                        • Kal\u0101m scholars derive God\u2019s attributes through rational analysis of His existence.<\/li>\n
                        • The first four attributes: Q\u0101dir (Omnipotent), \u02bfAl\u012bm (Omniscient), \u1e24ayy (Living), and Mawj\u016bd (Existing) are fundamental.<\/li>\n
                        • The Mu\u02bftazila differentiate between essential and active attributes, considering the latter to be contingent.<\/li>\n
                        • Ash\u02bfar\u012b and M\u0101tur\u012bd\u012b scholars, however, argue that all of God\u2019s attributes are eternal.<\/li>\n
                        • Debates over whether attributes such as creation (takw\u012bn), will (ir\u0101da), and speech (kal\u0101m) are eternal have led to theological disagreements among the schools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          This seminar discusses the nature of the universe, the proof of \u1e25ud\u016bth, the necessity of God\u2019s existence, and the nature of divine attributes. God\u2019s existence is demonstrated through the proofs of \u1e25ud\u016bth and contingency, while His unity is established through Burh\u0101n al-Tam\u0101nu\u02bf. Finally, the differences among Mu\u02bftazil\u012b, Ash\u02bfar\u012b, and M\u0101tur\u012bd\u012b scholars regarding the eternality of divine attributes are examined.<\/p>\n

                           <\/p>\n

                           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          HAYRETT\u0130N NEB\u0130 G\u00dcDEKL\u0130: KELAMA G\u0130R\u0130\u015e 7. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Bu seminerde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3824","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3824"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3824\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3826,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3824\/revisions\/3826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}