{"id":3945,"date":"2025-03-08T23:33:07","date_gmt":"2025-03-08T20:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=3945"},"modified":"2025-03-08T23:33:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-08T20:33:07","slug":"omer-turker-2022-2023-lisans-programi-el-isarat-vet-tenbihat-okumalari-10","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/omer-turker-2022-2023-lisans-programi-el-isarat-vet-tenbihat-okumalari-10\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6mer T\u00fcrker, 2022-2023 Lisans Program\u0131: el-\u0130\u015f\u00e2r\u00e2t ve\u2019t-Tenb\u00eeh\u00e2t Okumalar\u0131 10"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6MER T\u00dcRKER,2022-2023 L\u0130SANS PROGRAMI: el-\u0130\u015e\u00c2R\u00c2T VE’T- TENB\u00ceH\u00c2T OKUMALARI 10. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminerde \u0130slam felsefesinde Tanr\u0131-\u00e2lem ili\u015fkisi, yoktan yaratma ve sud\u00fbr teorisi \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2, F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee ve Kind\u00ee gibi filozoflar\u0131n bu kavramlara y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle sud\u00fbr teorisinin ontolojik temelleri ve ele\u015ftirileri \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. Sud\u00fbr teorisinin Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n iradesi, bilgi ve kudreti ile ili\u015fkilendirilmesi, seminerin ana tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sud\u00fbr Teorisi ve Tanr\u0131-\u00c2lem \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong>
    \nSeminerin ana odak noktas\u0131, \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2’n\u0131n Tanr\u0131-\u00e2lem ili\u015fkisini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sud\u00fbr teorisi olmu\u015ftur. Sud\u00fbr, Tanr\u0131’dan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ta\u015fmas\u0131 ve ak\u0131llar hiyerar\u015fisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e2lemin meydana gelmesi fikrine dayan\u0131r. \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2’ya g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak varl\u0131k feyzi yayar ve bu feyiz, ak\u0131llar, nefisler ve cisimler \u015feklinde hiyerar\u015fik olarak tezah\u00fcr eder.<\/li>\n
  2. Yoktan Yaratma ve \u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki Farkl\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar<\/strong>
    \nSeminerde, \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gelene\u011finde Tanr\u0131-\u00e2lem ili\u015fkisine dair \u00fc\u00e7 ana yakla\u015f\u0131m ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    • Kel\u00e2m\u00ee Yoktan Yaratma Teorisi:<\/strong> Kind\u00ee ve kelamc\u0131lar, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e2lemi yoktan yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. Onlara g\u00f6re \u00e2lem, zaman i\u00e7inde sonradan var olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n
    • Sud\u00fbr Teorisi:<\/strong> F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee ve \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2, \u00e2lemin Tanr\u0131’dan zorunlu olarak sud\u00fbr etti\u011fini ve Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n zat\u0131ndan varl\u0131k yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kesintisiz oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li>\n
    • Ezeli \u00c2lem Teorisi:<\/strong> \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd, \u00e2lemin Tanr\u0131 ile birlikte ezeli oldu\u011funu ve Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e2lemi yaratmakta oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      1. Varl\u0131k ve Zorunluluk \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong>
        \n\u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2’n\u0131n metafizi\u011finde varl\u0131k, zorunlu (v\u00e2cib\u00fc\u2019l-v\u00fcc\u00fbd) ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn (m\u00fcmkin\u00fc\u2019l-v\u00fcc\u00fbd) olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tanr\u0131, zat\u0131 gere\u011fi var olan tek zorunlu varl\u0131kt\u0131r, di\u011fer t\u00fcm varl\u0131klar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Tanr\u0131’dan al\u0131rlar. Varl\u0131k saf haliyle yoklu\u011fu kabul etmez, bu nedenle Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcrekli ve kesintisiz bir yaratma s\u00fcrecini ifade eder.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0130rade, Bilgi ve Kudretin Tanr\u0131 ile \u00d6zde\u015fli\u011fi<\/strong>
        \nSud\u00fbr teorisine g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n iradesi, bilgisi ve kudreti zat\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2’ya g\u00f6re Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n bir \u015feyi dilemesi, bilmesi ve yaratmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 fiil i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, insan iradesinden farkl\u0131 olarak Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n iradesini eksiklikten uzak, mutlak ve s\u00fcrekli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/li>\n
      3. Sud\u00fbr ve Ak\u0131llar Hiyerar\u015fisi<\/strong>
        \nSud\u00fbr teorisinin merkezinde on ak\u0131l sistemi bulunur. Tanr\u0131’dan zorunlu olarak ilk ak\u0131l (el-akl el-evvel) sud\u00fbr eder, ilk akl\u0131n kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Tanr\u0131’y\u0131 bilmesiyle ikinci ak\u0131l, nefis ve g\u00f6ksel cisimler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131, maddi \u00e2lemin en alt seviyesine kadar uzan\u0131r ve her varl\u0131k, bu ak\u0131llar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla varl\u0131k kazan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      4. \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 ile Kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong>
        \nSeminerde \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 ve kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n sud\u00fbr ve yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki temel farklar tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        • Kelamc\u0131lar<\/strong>, \u00e2lemin sonradan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li>\n
        • \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 <\/strong>ise varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n zat\u0131ndan zorunlu olarak sud\u00fbr etti\u011fini ve bu s\u00fcrecin kesintisiz oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/li>\n
        • Kelamc\u0131lar, <\/strong>Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n iradesini zat\u0131na ilave bir s\u0131fat olarak kabul ederken, \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2, iradenin Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n zat\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Bu seminerde Tanr\u0131-\u00e2lem ili\u015fkisine dair \u0130slam felsefesindeki farkl\u0131 teoriler analiz edilmi\u015f ve \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2’n\u0131n sud\u00fbr teorisinin temel ilkeleri ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sud\u00fbr teorisi, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n zat\u0131ndan zorunlu olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ta\u015fmas\u0131 fikrine dayan\u0131r ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te irade, bilgi ve kudret Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n zat\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015f kabul edilir. Bir sonraki seminerde, bu teorilerin bilgi felsefesi ve insan idraki \u00fczerindeki etkileri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00d6MER T\u00dcRKER,2022-2023 L\u0130SANS PROGRAMI: el-\u0130\u015e\u00c2R\u00c2T VE’T- TENB\u00ceH\u00c2T OKUMALARI 10. SEM\u0130NER […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3945","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3947,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3945\/revisions\/3947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}