{"id":4941,"date":"2025-05-05T15:35:50","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=4941"},"modified":"2025-05-05T15:35:50","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:35:50","slug":"ayhan-citil-kant-okumalarisaf-aklin-elestirisi-2-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/ayhan-citil-kant-okumalarisaf-aklin-elestirisi-2-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: KANT OKUMALARI,SAF AKLIN ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130S\u0130 2. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: KANT OKUMALARI,SAF AKLIN ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130S\u0130 2. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Seminerin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong>
    \nBu seminer, Kant\u2019\u0131n “Birinci Kritik” yani Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi<\/em> eserine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, Kant\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftiri \u00f6ncesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel geli\u015fimini ve \u00f6zellikle uzay, zaman, nedensellik gibi temel problemlere yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r. Kant\u2019\u0131n fizik, metafizik ve matematik alan\u0131ndaki \u00f6nceki aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan hareketle, kritik d\u00f6nemdeki radikal kopu\u015funun ve yeni felsefi y\u00f6neliminin temelleri a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Ana Temalar ve Ba\u015fl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Kritik \u00d6ncesi Problemler ve Denemeler<\/strong>
    \nKant, ele\u015ftiri \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde fiziksel monadoloji, Tanr\u0131-evren ili\u015fkisi, ama\u00e7l\u0131l\u0131k ve mekanik fizi\u011fi birle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131yla me\u015fguld\u00fcr. Leibniz ve Newton gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerden etkilenerek metafiziksel problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fini fark eder.<\/li>\n
  4. E\u015flerin \u00d6rt\u00fc\u015fmezli\u011fi ve Uzay Kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong>
    \nKant, Leibniz\u2019in \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015febilirlik fikrine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen \u201ce\u015flerin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmezli\u011fi\u201d paradoksundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, uzay\u0131n deneyimden de\u011fil, zihnin apriori bir temsili olarak var oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, Kant\u2019\u0131n \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fcng\u00fc (erscheinung)\u201d ve \u201ckendinde \u015fey (Ding an sich)\u201d ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
  5. Duyusal ve Kavramsal Bilme Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>
    \nKant, g\u00f6r\u00fc yoluyla do\u011frudan deneyimlenen bilgi ile kavramsal (dolayl\u0131) bilginin farkl\u0131 kipler oldu\u011funu vurgular. Bu ayr\u0131m, daha sonra Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi<\/em>‘nde sistematik hale getirilecektir.<\/li>\n
  6. Etkileyici Tarihsel Olaylar: Lisbon Depremi<\/strong>
    \n1755\u2019teki Lisbon Depremi, Kant\u2019\u0131 metafiziksel a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan uzakla\u015f\u0131p fiziksel ve bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00fcretmeye te\u015fvik eder. Tanr\u0131sal nedenlere dayanan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yetersiz bulur ve bilim ile metafizik aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n kopar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunur.<\/li>\n
  7. Rousseau\u2019nun Etkisi ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Meselesi<\/strong>
    \nKant, Rousseau\u2019nun Emil<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinden derinlemesine etkilenerek bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l koruyabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Kritik felsefe, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mekanik nedensellikle uyumlu k\u0131lman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 arar.<\/li>\n
  8. Hume\u2019un Nedensellik Ele\u015ftirisi<\/strong>
    \nHume\u2019un nedensellik ele\u015ftirisi Kant\u2019\u0131 \u201cdogmatik uykusundan uyand\u0131r\u0131r.\u201d Kant, nedenselli\u011fin deneyimden de\u011fil, zihnin apriori yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek bu ele\u015ftiriyi a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  9. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong>
    \nBu seminer, Kant\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftirel felsefesinin do\u011fu\u015funu belirleyen \u00fc\u00e7 temel etkiyi (Leibniz\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 uzay anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, Rousseau\u2019nun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck fikri, Hume\u2019un nedensellik ele\u015ftirisi) ele alarak Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi<\/em>‘nin hangi tarihsel, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve ki\u015fisel ba\u011flamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Purpose and Content of the Seminar<\/strong>
      \nThis seminar examines Kant\u2019s philosophical development prior to the Critique of Pure Reason<\/em>, focusing on how he approached fundamental problems such as space, time, and causality. It outlines the transition from Kant\u2019s earlier metaphysical and scientific efforts to the critical turn that would eventually shape his mature philosophy.<\/li>\n
    2. Main Themes and Headings<\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. Pre-Critical Problems and Intellectual Attempts<\/strong>
      \nIn his early period, Kant was occupied with reconciling metaphysical ideas such as teleology and divine causality with the mechanical laws of physics. Despite being influenced by figures like Leibniz and Newton, Kant realized the limits of such a synthesis and began seeking a more fundamental approach.<\/li>\n
    4. The Incongruent Counterparts and the Concept of Space<\/strong>
      \nUsing the paradox of incongruent counterparts (e.g., left and right hands that cannot be superimposed), Kant argued that space cannot be derived from experience but must be an a priori representation of the mind. This insight laid the groundwork for his distinction between “appearance (erscheinung)” and “thing-in-itself (Ding an sich).”<\/li>\n
    5. Sensory and Conceptual Knowledge<\/strong>
      \nKant began to differentiate between knowledge gained through intuition (sensory perception) and knowledge formed through concepts. This division would later be formalized in the Critique<\/em> as the distinction between sensibility and understanding.<\/li>\n
    6. The Lisbon Earthquake and Natural Philosophy<\/strong>
      \nThe 1755 Lisbon Earthquake profoundly impacted Kant, prompting him to move away from theodicy-based metaphysical explanations. He favored natural scientific interpretations, viewing the disaster as a turning point toward empirical investigation and away from theological fatalism.<\/li>\n
    7. The Influence of Rousseau and the Problem of Freedom<\/strong>
      \nRousseau’s Emile<\/em> inspired Kant to rethink the moral and social dimensions of human autonomy. This influence pushed Kant to explore how freedom could be preserved within the framework of universal laws and determinism, a question central to his later critical philosophy.<\/li>\n
    8. Hume\u2019s Critique of Causality<\/strong>
      \nDavid Hume\u2019s skepticism regarding causality \u201cawoke Kant from his dogmatic slumber.\u201d Kant responded by proposing that causality is not derived from experience but is an a priori condition for the possibility of experience, thus integrating it into his transcendental structure.<\/li>\n
    9. Conclusion<\/strong>
      \nThis seminar identifies three pivotal influences on Kant\u2019s critical turn: his spatial disagreement with Leibniz, Rousseau\u2019s emphasis on human dignity and freedom, and Hume\u2019s radical challenge to causality. These influences frame the intellectual context in which the Critique of Pure Reason<\/em> would be conceived.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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