{"id":4974,"date":"2025-05-05T15:46:44","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=4974"},"modified":"2025-05-05T15:46:44","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:46:44","slug":"ayhan-citil-kant-okumalarisaf-aklin-elestirisi-18-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/ayhan-citil-kant-okumalarisaf-aklin-elestirisi-18-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: KANT OKUMALARI,SAF AKLIN ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130S\u0130 18. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: KANT OKUMALARI,SAF AKLIN ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130S\u0130 18. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ana Temalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Teorik Fizik ve Transandantal \u0130lke Sistemati\u011fi:<\/strong>
    \nKant\u2019\u0131n “Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi” metninde geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yeni burhan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve apodeiktik bilgi modeli ba\u011flam\u0131nda, transandantal ilkelerin sistematik sunumu s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu sunum, d\u00f6rt grupta d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f kategoriler tablosuna dayan\u0131r. \u00d6nceki derslerde \u201cmatematiksel ilkeler\u201d (b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ve yo\u011funluk) ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fken, bu seminerde \u201cdinamik ilkeler\u201de ge\u00e7ilir.<\/li>\n
  2. Analogiler ve Deneyimin Yap\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong>
    \nKant, deneyimin \u00fc\u00e7 temel zamansal kip (s\u00fcreklilik, ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, e\u015f zamanl\u0131l\u0131k) \u00fczerinden yap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Bu kiplere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen \u00fc\u00e7 ilke sunulur: kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, nedensellik ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etki. Analogiler, bu zamansal d\u00fczenin transandantal zeminde nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
  3. Cevherin Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130lkesi:<\/strong>
    \nKant, t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fimlerin sabit bir dayanak olan cevher \u00fczerinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunur. Bu cevher metafizik bir t\u00f6z olarak de\u011fil, zaman\u0131n saf belirlenimlerine g\u00f6re tecr\u00fcbe nesnesi olarak kurulan bir yap\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, deneyimin olanakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fuludur. Her \u015fey zamansal olarak tezah\u00fcr ederken, zaman\u0131n kendisi de\u011fi\u015fmeden kal\u0131r ve bu da \u201ckorunum yasalar\u0131\u201d gibi fiziksel ilkelere temel olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
  4. Ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m, Olu\u015f ve Bozulu\u015f:<\/strong>
    \nKant’a g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ek anlamda olu\u015f ve bozulu\u015f kavranamaz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc alg\u0131da sadece ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu, bir nesnenin varolu\u015funun s\u00fcreklili\u011fi i\u00e7inde belirlenimlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesidir. Cevherin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 ya da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 alg\u0131 yoluyla temsil edilemez; yaln\u0131zca ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131mlar g\u00f6zlemlenebilir.<\/li>\n
  5. Deneyimin Ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve Kritik Perspektif:<\/strong>
    \nKant, cevher ve araz gibi klasik kavramlar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken onlar\u0131 metafizik de\u011fil, deneyimin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda i\u015fler. Felsefe tarihinde s\u0131k\u00e7a tekrarlanan “cevher kal\u0131r, araz de\u011fi\u015fir” \u00f6nermesi Kant taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilerek, yaln\u0131zca fenomenal d\u00fczeyde a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir oldu\u011fu savunulur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong>
    \nBu seminerde Kant\u2019\u0131n \u201ckal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi\u201d merkezinde, zaman, cevher, fenomen ve ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m gibi temel kavramlar kritik bi\u00e7imde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kant, bu kavramlar\u0131 deneyimin nesnel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131r ve metafiziksel yorumlar\u0131 a\u015fan bir zeminde yerle\u015ftirir. Bir sonraki seminerde \u201cnedensellik\u201d ilkesi ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Main Themes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Theoretical Physics and the System of Transcendental Principles<\/strong>
      \nBuilding on Kant\u2019s redefinition of demonstrative (apodictic) knowledge, this seminar continues with the systematic exposition of transcendental principles based on the four-fold table of categories. While previous seminars covered the “mathematical principles” (concerning magnitude and intensity), this session introduces the “dynamical principles” that deal with change and interaction in time.<\/li>\n
    2. Analogies of Experience and Temporal Structure<\/strong>
      \nKant asserts that experience is structured around three temporal modalities: duration, succession, and simultaneity. To each, he assigns a corresponding principle: permanence, causality, and community (reciprocal interaction). These “analogies of experience” provide the a priori framework that makes the coherent perception of time and change possible.<\/li>\n
    3. The Principle of the Permanence of Substance<\/strong>
      \nKant maintains that all change must be understood in relation to an underlying, unchanging substance. However, this substance is not a metaphysical essence but a necessary condition of temporal experience. Just as time flows while remaining the same, the permanence of substance underlies all temporal alterations\u2014offering the conceptual foundation for scientific notions like conservation laws.<\/li>\n
    4. Transformation, Generation, and Corruption<\/strong>
      \nFor Kant, the mind cannot truly perceive generation or annihilation; only transformations (i.e., alterations in the state of something that persists) are representable. The idea of something beginning to exist from nothing or ceasing entirely is inaccessible to perception. Therefore, experience can only ever involve the transformation of enduring substances.<\/li>\n
    5. Critique of Classical Substance-Accident Ontology<\/strong>
      \nThough Kant uses classical terms like “substance” and “accident,” he repurposes them within a critical framework. The traditional philosophical dictum “substance remains, accidents change” is reinterpreted to mean that this relation is valid only on the phenomenal level, as a necessary structure of experience\u2014not as a metaphysical truth about things-in-themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Conclusion:<\/strong>
      \nIn this seminar, Kant\u2019s principle of permanence becomes a focal point for understanding substance, time, and transformation. These are not metaphysical assertions but conditions for the possibility of coherent experience. By doing so, Kant reorients traditional metaphysical categories toward epistemology. The next seminar will address the principle of causality as the second “analogy of experience.”<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      AYHAN \u00c7\u0130T\u0130L: KANT OKUMALARI,SAF AKLIN ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130S\u0130 18. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Ana […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4974","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4975,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4974\/revisions\/4975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}