{"id":5816,"date":"2025-05-18T10:17:35","date_gmt":"2025-05-18T07:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=5816"},"modified":"2025-05-18T10:17:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T07:17:35","slug":"esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-9-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-9-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 9. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 9. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminer, Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin epistemolojiye dair temel tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 merkeze alarak, \u00f6zellikle S\u00fcmeniyye adl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce grubunun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme (nazar) ve haberin bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 konular\u0131ndaki itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r. Ama\u00e7, nazar ve m\u00fctevatir haber gibi bilgi \u00fcretim yollar\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamak ve bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fczerinden \u0130slam kelam\u0131ndaki epistemolojik dayanaklar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin ele\u015ftirisini de\u011ferlendirmektir. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin \u00f6zellikle S\u00fcmeniyye \u00fczerinden m\u00fctevatir haber teorisini nas\u0131l temellendirdi\u011fi de tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n merkezindedir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Nazar\u0131n Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Bilgi \u00dcretimi Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Seminerin ilk k\u0131sm\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin (nazar) tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r: R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re nazar, tasdiklerin ba\u015fka tasdiklere ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla tertip edilmesidir. Bu tan\u0131mda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, tasdikler \u00fczerinden ilerleyen bir k\u0131yas s\u00fcrecine indirgenir. S\u00fcmeniyye, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin bilgi vermedi\u011fini savunsa da R\u00e2z\u00ee en az bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin bilgi verdi\u011fini g\u00f6stererek bu iddiay\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. S\u00fcmeniyye\u2019nin Nazar Ele\u015ftirileri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      S\u00fcmeniyye, nazar\u0131n bilgi vermedi\u011fini iddia eden bir gruptur. R\u00e2z\u00ee, bu iddiaya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6rt temel ele\u015ftiri getirir ve en az bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin bilgi verdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermekle t\u00fcmel olumsuz \u00f6nermeyi reddeder. B\u00f6ylece nazar\u0131n bilgi \u00fcretmedeki rol\u00fc epistemolojik olarak yeniden temellendirilir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. M\u00fctevatir Haber ve Epistemolojik De\u011ferinin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        S\u00fcmeniyye’nin as\u0131l hedefi, haberin bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ele\u015ftirileridir. R\u00e2z\u00ee, bu itiraza kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fctevatir haberin bilgi de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fini savunur ve bunun i\u00e7in zamansal tevat\u00fcr (nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lan bilgi) ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f tevat\u00fcr (ayn\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda aktar\u0131lan bilgi) ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapar. Her ikisi i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u015fartlar \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer ve habere epistemolojik g\u00fcvenin nas\u0131l kurulabilece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. M\u00fctevatir Haberin Teolojik Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131: N\u00fcb\u00fcvvet ve Vahiy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          M\u00fctevatir haberin bilgi \u00fcretmedi\u011fini savunmak, n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n nakli ve hatta ahiret inanc\u0131 gibi temel inan\u00e7lar\u0131 temellendirme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, S\u00fcmeniyye\u2019nin bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, do\u011frudan \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n temel metafizik iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lma tehlikesi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin S\u00fcmeniyye Ele\u015ftirileri ve Tevar\u00fcs Edilen Gelenek<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            R\u00e2z\u00ee, S\u00fcmeniyye\u2019ye dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri sadece ele almakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri sistematik bi\u00e7imde delillendirerek reddeder. Nih\u00e2yet\u00fc\u2019l-Uk\u016bl gibi eserlerinde bu kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri delilleriyle birlikte ele alarak, kelam\u00ee haber teorisinin kurucu temellerini atar.<\/p>\n

            Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Bu seminer, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve haberin bilgi \u00fcretme yetene\u011fini tart\u0131\u015farak \u0130slam kelam\u0131nda epistemolojik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ortaya koyar. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin S\u00fcmeniyye\u2019yi \u00f6teki olarak kurgulayarak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi nazar ve haber anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, hem kelam\u00ee hem felsef\u00ee tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n gelece\u011fine y\u00f6n vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Purpose and Content of the Seminar<\/strong><\/p>\n

            This seminar centers on Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s epistemological critique of the S\u016bmaniyya, a sect that denied the epistemic value of rational reflection (nazar) and of transmitted reports (khabar), especially mass-transmitted (mutaw\u0101tir) ones. The seminar aims to assess the conceptual foundation of knowledge in Islamic theology through the debate over whether reason and report can serve as valid sources of knowledge. It further explores how R\u0101z\u012b defends mutaw\u0101tir reports as legitimate and necessary for grounding key theological claims.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Defining Nazar and Its Role in Knowledge<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              R\u0101z\u012b defines nazar as the arrangement of propositions to reach further affirmations (ta\u1e63d\u012bq). He treats reasoning as a structured inferential process. While the S\u016bmaniyya argue that such reflection does not yield knowledge, R\u0101z\u012b refutes this with four critical arguments and demonstrates that at least one instance of reasoning does lead to knowledge\u2014thus invalidating the S\u016bmaniyya\u2019s universal denial.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. The S\u016bmaniyya\u2019s Critique of Rational Inquiry<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                The S\u016bmaniyya contend that rational deliberation cannot be a source of knowledge. R\u0101z\u012b counters with structured refutations, arguing that rejecting the epistemic value of all reasoning collapses the very foundations of learning and logic. He establishes a rational basis for accepting at least some forms of nazar as valid.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Constructing the Epistemic Value of Mutaw\u0101tir Reports<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  The core of the S\u016bmaniyya\u2019s argument targets the reliability of transmitted reports. In response, R\u0101z\u012b differentiates between two types of mutaw\u0101tir transmission: diachronic (across generations) and synchronic (within the same generation). He outlines specific conditions under which each type may yield certainty and presents a framework for justifying epistemic trust in reliable transmission.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Theological Stakes of Denying Mutaw\u0101tir Reports<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    To deny the epistemic status of mutaw\u0101tir reports is to undermine fundamental doctrines of Islam\u2014including prophethood, the revelation of the Qur\u2019an, and eschatological beliefs. R\u0101z\u012b emphasizes that rejecting such reports leads to a breakdown in religious knowledge and threatens the coherence of Islamic theology.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s Methodological Refutations and Legacy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      R\u0101z\u012b not only rejects the S\u016bmaniyya\u2019s claims but does so with comprehensive rational demonstrations. In works like Nih\u0101yat al-\u02bfUq\u016bl, he systematically addresses opposing views and builds the foundational arguments for a kal\u0101m-based theory of knowledge rooted in both reason and transmission.<\/p>\n

                      Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      This seminar elucidates R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s defense of both rational inquiry and reliable transmission as valid epistemic tools. By confronting the S\u016bmaniyya’s radical skepticism, R\u0101z\u012b constructs a robust theological epistemology that sustains key Islamic doctrines and helps define the boundaries of valid knowledge in kal\u0101m and philosophy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 9. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5816","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5816"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5817,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5816\/revisions\/5817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}