{"id":5818,"date":"2025-05-18T10:18:31","date_gmt":"2025-05-18T07:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=5818"},"modified":"2025-05-18T10:18:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T07:18:31","slug":"esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-10-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-10-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 10. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 10. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminer, metafiziksel bilgiye ula\u015fman\u0131n imk\u00e2n\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalarda Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin ortaya koydu\u011fu \u201cevl\u00e2 ve ahl\u00e2k\u201d temelli yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 analiz eder. Seminerin temel amac\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin bilgi \u00fcretip \u00fcretemeyece\u011fi sorusuna kar\u015f\u0131 S\u00fcmeniyye ve M\u00fchendisiy\u00fbn gibi gruplar\u0131n ele\u015ftirilerini de\u011ferlendirmek, metafizi\u011fin bilinebilirli\u011fini ve epistemolojik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektir. Seminer ayn\u0131 zamanda R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin nazar ve k\u0131yas anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin bilgiye ula\u015fmadaki i\u015flevini ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. S\u00fcmeniyye\u2019nin Nazar\u0131 Reddetmesi ve Ele\u015ftiriler<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    S\u00fcmeniyye, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin bilgi \u00fcretmedi\u011fini savunur; R\u00e2z\u00ee ise bu iddiay\u0131 d\u00f6rt temel ele\u015ftiri \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Tesels\u00fcl, bilgi-tasavvur ili\u015fkisi, duyularla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve zihnin tek \u00f6nc\u00fcle odaklanma gibi konular \u00fczerinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin bilgi \u00fcretebilece\u011fi ispatlan\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede R\u00e2z\u00ee, \u201cen az bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bilgi verir\u201d diyerek metafiziksel nazar\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc temellendirir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. M\u00fchendisiy\u00fbn\u2019un Metafizik Bilgiyi Reddetmesi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Antik d\u00f6nemin matematik\u00e7i\u2013m\u00fchendis gelene\u011fini temsil eden M\u00fchendisiy\u00fbn grubu, metafizik hakikatlerin aritmetik ve geometri gibi kesinlik ta\u015f\u0131yamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle metafizikte nihai maksad\u0131n en m\u00fcnasip olana y\u00f6nelmek oldu\u011funu savunur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re metafizik bilgi kesin de\u011fil, ancak zann\u00ee olabilir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin Yan\u0131t\u0131 ve Tasavvur\u2013Tasdik Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        R\u00e2z\u00ee, metafizik hakikatlerin k\u00fcnh\u00fcne vak\u0131f olunamasa da onlar\u0131n di\u011fer varl\u0131klarla kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkiler \u00fczerinden tasavvur edilebilece\u011fini ve buna dayal\u0131 tasdiklerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu savunur. B\u00f6ylece Tanr\u0131 gibi kavramlar\u0131n mahiyetini tam bilmesek bile, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tasdik edebiliriz.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u201cEvl\u00e2\u201d Kavram\u0131 ve Epistemolojik Yeri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u201cEvl\u00e2\u201d kavram\u0131, metafizik alanlarda yak\u00een\u00ee de\u011fil, zann\u00ee delil \u00fcretme bi\u00e7imi olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu k\u0131yas t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle kelam ve felsefede Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131, kudreti ve bilgisi gibi konulara uygulan\u0131r. Ancak R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re evl\u00e2 k\u0131yaslar\u0131 hakikate ula\u015fmada s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman problemli zann\u00ee \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Evleviyet Metafizi\u011fi ve Ele\u015ftirisi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Seminer, R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin \u201cevleviyet metafizi\u011fi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tarihsel ba\u011flam\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Mutezile ve Yeni Platoncu geleneklerdeki hiyerar\u015fik evl\u00e2 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftirilir. R\u00e2z\u00ee, bu t\u00fcr k\u0131yaslar\u0131n epistemolojik stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc sorgulayarak metafizi\u011fi evleviyet temelli de\u011fil, daha sa\u011flam k\u0131yaslarla in\u015fa etme gere\u011fine dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n

            Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Bu seminer, R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, bilgi ve metafizik aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye dair \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerini ortaya koyar. \u201cEvl\u00e2 ve ahl\u00e2k\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle temsil edilen zann\u00ee metafizik anlay\u0131\u015f, R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla yeniden de\u011ferlendirilir. B\u00f6ylece kelam\u00ee metafizi\u011fin hem imk\u00e2n\u0131 hem de s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 netle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Purpose and Content of the Seminar<\/strong><\/p>\n

            This seminar analyzes Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s evaluation of the possibility of acquiring metaphysical knowledge, focusing particularly on the epistemological framework known as the \u201caul\u0101 and a\u1e25laq\u201d (more appropriate and more fitting) approach. The central aim is to assess the critiques posed by groups such as the Sumanites (S\u016bmaniyya) and the Engineers (Muhandisiyy\u016bn), who deny the epistemic productivity of reasoning in metaphysics, and to present R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s defense of rational inquiry as a valid source of knowledge, especially within theological metaphysics.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. The Sumanites\u2019 Rejection of Rational Reflection and R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s Response<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              The Sumanites claimed that rational reflection (na\u1e93ar) does not generate knowledge. R\u0101z\u012b refutes this through four arguments: the impossibility of infinite regress (tasalsul), the necessity of distinguishing knowledge from mere conceptualization (ta\u1e63awwur), the function of the senses, and the mind’s ability to focus on a single premise. He concludes that at least one instance of thinking must lead to knowledge, affirming the legitimacy of metaphysical reasoning.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. The Engineers\u2019 Denial of Metaphysical Knowledge<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Representing a tradition rooted in mathematical certainty, the Muhandisiyy\u016bn argued that metaphysical truths cannot attain the certainty of arithmetic or geometry. Therefore, in their view, metaphysical inquiry should aim only for what is most appropriate (aul\u0101), not for absolute truth or certainty.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s Defense: Conceptual and Assent-Based Knowledge<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  R\u0101z\u012b contends that although the essence (kunh) of metaphysical realities may not be grasped, conceptualizations of their relational properties are possible. Hence, even without fully knowing the essence of entities like God, one can affirm their existence through sound reasoning. This distinction allows space for metaphysical propositions grounded in partial understanding.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. The Epistemic Role of \u201cAul\u0101\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    R\u0101z\u012b treats the notion of aul\u0101 not as a basis for certain knowledge but as a method of generating probabilistic (\u1e93ann\u012b) inferences. While useful in discussions on divine attributes and theological issues, aul\u0101 inferences remain speculative and limited in their ability to yield definitive truths.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Critique of Aul\u0101-Based Metaphysics<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      The seminar critiques traditions such as the Mu\u2018tazilite and Neoplatonic schools for relying heavily on a hierarchical metaphysics grounded in aul\u0101. R\u0101z\u012b challenges this approach by questioning its epistemological status and emphasizing the need for more rigorous forms of inference in constructing metaphysical knowledge.<\/p>\n

                      Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      This seminar reveals R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s critical stance toward speculative metaphysical reasoning based on the aul\u0101\u2013a\u1e25laq model. By defending the possibility of acquiring knowledge through rational reflection while simultaneously challenging the limits of probabilistic metaphysics, R\u0101z\u012b redefines the contours of theological epistemology and positions himself as a key figure in the development of post-classical Islamic metaphysics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 10. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5818","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5818"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5819,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5818\/revisions\/5819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}