{"id":5861,"date":"2025-05-18T10:39:53","date_gmt":"2025-05-18T07:39:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=5861"},"modified":"2025-05-18T10:39:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T07:39:53","slug":"esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-30-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-30-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 30. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 30. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminer, cisimlerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan temel unsurlar (mukavvim\u00e2t) ve bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7inde sonluluk ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hud\u00fbs) \u00fczerine geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f teorileri ele al\u0131r. Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee, kel\u00e2mc\u0131lar\u0131n atomcu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile filozoflar\u0131n hey\u00fbl\u00e2-s\u00fbret ve s\u00fcreklilik teorilerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, b\u00f6l\u00fcnme, hareket, zaman ve madde kavramlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu iki sistemin imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Arazlar ve Atomculuk Teorisi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Seminerin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda klasik anlamda cevher ve araz ayr\u0131m\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, \u0130sl\u00e2m kel\u00e2m gelene\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 ana kozmoloji teorisinin \u015fekillendi\u011fini aktar\u0131r: atomculuk (Cevher-i Ferd), hey\u00fbl\u00e2-s\u00fbret (hilomorfizm) ve yaln\u0131zca arazlardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu savunan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f. Atomculuk, Ebu\u2019l-H\u00fcseyin ve E\u015far\u00eeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla standart h\u00e2line gelmi\u015f ve di\u011fer yakla\u015f\u0131mlar zamanla elenmi\u015ftir. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re, b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen atomlar zaman, mek\u00e2n ve hareketi anlamada merkez\u00ee rol oynar.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. B\u00f6l\u00fcnebilirlik \u00dczerine D\u00f6rt Teori ve R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin Delilleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Cisimlerin b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilirli\u011fi \u00fczerine d\u00f6rt g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f s\u0131ralan\u0131r: sonsuz\/sonlu fiil\u00ee ve sonsuz\/sonlu kuvv\u00ee b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilirlik. R\u00e2z\u00ee, kel\u00e2m\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olan \u201cfiil\u00ee ve sonlu b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilirli\u011fi\u201d savunur. Nokta, an (\u015fimdi) ve Zenon\u2019un paradoksu (A\u015fil ile Kaplumba\u011fa) gibi \u00f6rneklerle atomculuk temellendirilir. R\u00e2z\u00ee ayr\u0131ca \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez atom ele\u015ftirilerine, daire merkezi \u00f6rne\u011fi gibi kavramlarla yan\u0131t verir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Filozoflar\u0131n Hilomorfik Cisim Teorisi ve Ele\u015ftirisi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        R\u00e2z\u00ee, \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n hey\u00fbl\u00e2 ve s\u00fbret ayr\u0131m\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 cisim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131ca \u00f6zetler. Cisim, birlik ilkesini sa\u011flayan s\u00fbret ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan hey\u00fbl\u00e2dan olu\u015fur. R\u00e2z\u00ee ise b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve birlik gibi z\u0131tlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda bir varl\u0131kta bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. S\u00fbretin hem birli\u011fi hem b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, mant\u0131ksal \u00e7eli\u015fki do\u011furur.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Cisimlerin Hud\u00fbsu ve Kozmolojik Teoriler<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde evrenin yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair d\u00f6rt olas\u0131l\u0131k tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r: cevher ve arazlar\u0131n birlikte ya da ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kadim\/haris olmas\u0131. R\u00e2z\u00ee, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve Kit\u00e2b\u00ee dinlerin alemin hud\u00fbsunu savundu\u011funu, \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 gibi filozoflar\u0131n ise t\u00fcrsel ezelili\u011fi (k\u0131dem) kabul etti\u011fini belirtir. Harranl\u0131lar ve Senev\u00eeler gibi heterodoks d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin be\u015f ezel\u00ee ilke tasar\u0131m\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

          Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

          R\u00e2z\u00ee, atomculuk ve hilomorfizm aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmada kel\u00e2m\u00ee yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunur. Onun analizleri, yaln\u0131zca fiziksel de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda metafiziksel bir varl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temelini ortaya koyar. Bu seminer, klasik \u0130sl\u00e2m kozmolojisinin felsef\u00ee dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeye y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 bir giri\u015f sunar.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Purpose and Content of the Seminar<\/strong><\/p>\n

          This seminar focuses on the foundational elements (mukawwim\u0101t) that constitute bodies and whether these entities are temporally originated (\u1e25\u0101dith) or eternal (qad\u012bm). Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b compares the atomist theories of the theologians with the hylomorphic (matter\u2013form) and continuity-based theories of the philosophers. Through concepts such as divisibility, motion, time, and matter, R\u0101z\u012b explores the logical and metaphysical implications of each system.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Accidents and Atomism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            The session begins by reaffirming the classical distinction between substance and accident. R\u0101z\u012b identifies three major cosmological models in Islamic thought: atomism (jawhar fard), hylomorphism (matter\u2013form theory), and a theory based solely on accidents. Atomism, championed by Ab\u016b al-\u1e24usayn and the Ash\u02bfarites, became the dominant view, while the others faded over time. In this framework, indivisible atoms serve as the fundamental units that define space, time, and motion.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Four Theories of Divisibility and R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s Proofs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              R\u0101z\u012b discusses four views on divisibility: actual\/finite, actual\/infinite, potential\/finite, and potential\/infinite. He advocates for actual and finite divisibility\u2014the standard kal\u0101m view\u2014using examples such as geometric points, temporal instants, and Zeno\u2019s paradox (Achilles and the Tortoise). In response to Avicenna\u2019s criticisms of indivisible atoms, R\u0101z\u012b employs analogies like the center of a circle to defend the logical coherence of atomism.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Philosophers\u2019 Hylomorphic Theory of Body and R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s Critique<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                R\u0101z\u012b presents Avicenna\u2019s view that bodies are composed of form (\u1e63\u016brah), which ensures unity, and matter (hay\u016bl\u0101), which enables divisibility. He critiques this dual structure, arguing that unity and divisibility\u2014being opposites\u2014cannot coexist in a single essence. Thus, a form that allows both properties entails a logical contradiction.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. The Question of Origination (<\/strong>\u1e24<\/strong>ud\u016bth) and Cosmological Scenarios<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  R\u0101z\u012b outlines four scenarios concerning the eternity or origination of substances and accidents: both eternal, both originated, or one eternal and the other originated. He notes that Islamic and Abrahamic traditions assert the origination of the world, whereas philosophers like Avicenna maintain the eternal existence of the species of the world. Heterodox views\u2014such as those of the \u1e24arr\u0101nians and Sinawiyy\u016bn\u2014who posit five eternal principles, are also assessed.<\/p>\n

                  Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  R\u0101z\u012b ultimately defends the kal\u0101m atomist model over the philosophical hylomorphic view. His critique is not only physical but also metaphysical, addressing core assumptions about unity, multiplicity, and causality. This seminar offers a comprehensive entry point into classical Islamic cosmology and its philosophical underpinnings, with R\u0101z\u012b presenting a critical yet constructive theological alternative.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 30. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5861","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5861"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5862,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5861\/revisions\/5862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}