{"id":5876,"date":"2025-05-19T16:33:32","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T13:33:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=5876"},"modified":"2025-05-19T16:33:32","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T13:33:32","slug":"esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-39-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-39-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 39. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 39. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminer, Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin Allah\u2019a nispet edilen s\u00fcb\u00fbt\u00ee s\u0131fatlardan \u201ckudret\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131 etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r. Seminerin merkezinde, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fiilinin zorunlu bir ta\u015fma m\u0131 (mucib bi\u2019z-z\u00e2t), yoksa iradeye dayal\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir tercih mi (f\u00e2il-i muht\u00e2r) oldu\u011fu sorusu yer al\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, kel\u00e2m\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunarak, filozoflar\u0131n zorunluluk temelli a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirir ve Allah\u2019\u0131n kudret sahibi ve irade sahibi oldu\u011funu metafizik delillerle temellendirir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kudretin Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Felsef\u00ee G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe Reddi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re kudret, bir fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme veya terk etme imk\u00e2n\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda kudretin z\u0131dd\u0131 acizlik de\u011fil, zorunlu fiil \u00fcretmektir. R\u00e2z\u00ee, filozoflar\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 zorunlu fiil \u00fcreten bir ilk neden olarak tasvir etmelerini ele\u015ftirir ve bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr fail olma vasf\u0131n\u0131 yok etti\u011fini savunur.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. M\u00fcmkin ve Mucib Ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 \u00c2lemin Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir \u015feyi tercih ederek mi yoksa zorunlu olarak m\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda R\u00e2z\u00ee, mucib anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e2lemin ezel\u00eeli\u011fini gerektirdi\u011fini ve bunun kel\u00e2m\u00ee ilkelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtir. Allah\u2019\u0131n kudretinin, hem yaratmaya hem yaratmamaya taalluk etti\u011fini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mutlak bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7erdi\u011fini vurgular.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u015eartl\u0131 Yaratma ve Tesels\u00fcl Problemi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratma fiilini bir \u015farta ba\u011flaman\u0131n iki sonucu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder: \u015eart ezel\u00ee ise \u00e2lem de ezel\u00ee olur; \u015fart h\u00e2dis ise bu bir tesels\u00fcl (sonsuz geriye gidi\u015f) do\u011furur. Bu ikilem kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda R\u00e2z\u00ee, yaratman\u0131n herhangi bir \u015farta ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kudret ve iradeye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Delillere ve Ele\u015ftirilere Cevaplar<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          R\u00e2z\u00ee, kudret s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini savunurken filozoflar\u0131n y\u00f6neltti\u011fi itirazlara cevap verir. \u0130lim\u2013irade\u2013kudret ili\u015fkisi, ezel\u00ee kudretin h\u00e2dis fiile taalluku, \u201ckad\u00eem fail\u2013h\u00e2dis fiil\u201d \u00e7eli\u015fkisi gibi meseleleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Mutezile\u2019nin adalet eksenli yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

          Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Bu seminer, kudret s\u0131fat\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Allah\u2019\u0131n mutlak fail olu\u015funu felsef\u00ee ve kel\u00e2m\u00ee y\u00f6nleriyle temellendirir. R\u00e2z\u00ee, zorunlu yaratma fikrine kar\u015f\u0131 iradeye dayal\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 savunarak, kudretin yaln\u0131zca bir g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ilah\u00ee irade g\u00f6stergesi oldu\u011funu ortaya koyar. Kudret s\u0131fat\u0131, kel\u00e2m\u00ee d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn temel s\u00fctunlar\u0131ndan biri olarak sunulur.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Purpose and Content of the Seminar<\/strong><\/p>\n

          This seminar addresses Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s treatment of the divine attribute of power (qudra), as one of the essential affirmative (thub\u016bt\u012b) attributes of God. At the heart of the discussion is the distinction between a God who acts by free will (f\u0101\u02bfil mukht\u0101r) and a God who necessarily produces effects (m\u016bjib bi\u2019l-dh\u0101t). R\u0101z\u012b critiques the philosophical view of divine action as a necessary emanation and defends the kal\u0101m position that affirms divine volition and absolute power.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Definition of Power and Refutation of the Philosophers<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            According to R\u0101z\u012b, divine power is the ability to perform an act or refrain from it. The opposite of power is not mere incapacity but compulsion. R\u0101z\u012b criticizes the philosophers\u2019 depiction of God as a necessary cause\u2014like the sun inevitably emitting light\u2014and argues instead that God is a volitional agent whose acts are not dictated by His essence.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Distinguishing Between the Possible and the Necessary: The Creation of the World<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              The seminar explores whether God\u2019s act of creation arises out of necessity or choice. R\u0101z\u012b draws a sharp line between m\u016bjib (necessary effector) and mukht\u0101r (volitional agent), asserting that if God necessarily creates, then the world must be eternal\u2014contradicting the foundational principle of \u1e25ud\u016bth (temporal origination) in Islamic theology. Therefore, God\u2019s power must also extend to not creating, preserving divine freedom.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Conditional Creation and the Problem of Infinite Regress (Tasasul)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                R\u0101z\u012b addresses the objection that God\u2019s act might depend on a condition (shar\u1e6d), arguing that if the condition is eternal, then creation must also be eternal; if it is created, then it leads to an infinite regress. Both outcomes are logically and theologically problematic. Thus, R\u0101z\u012b reaffirms that God\u2019s act must stem from will and power, not from external conditions.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Argumentation and Counterarguments<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  R\u0101z\u012b provides philosophical responses to objections raised against the kal\u0101m position. He discusses the relation between knowledge, will, and power, and whether eternal power can relate to temporal actions. He also critiques the Mu\u02bftazilite notion of divine justice and causality, emphasizing that divine power must be understood as entirely unconstrained and sovereign.<\/p>\n

                  Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  This seminar deepens the theological and metaphysical discussion around divine power as an affirmative attribute. R\u0101z\u012b rejects the deterministic cosmology of the philosophers and asserts a doctrine of free divine agency grounded in rational argumentation. Through this analysis, qudra becomes the cornerstone of a theological worldview that affirms both divine omnipotence and contingency in creation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 39. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5876","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5876"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5877,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5876\/revisions\/5877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}