{"id":5895,"date":"2025-05-20T11:40:40","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T08:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=5895"},"modified":"2025-05-20T11:40:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T08:40:40","slug":"esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-49-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-49-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 49. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 49. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminerde Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin el-Mu\u1e25a\u1e63\u1e63al adl\u0131 eserindeki \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n fiilleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alan tart\u0131\u015fmalar sistematik bi\u00e7imde incelenmi\u015ftir. R\u00e2z\u00ee, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fiilleriyle ilgili kel\u00e2m\u00ee ve felsef\u00ee yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak ele almakta, \u00f6zellikle sud\u00fbr teorisine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilerle Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iradesi, kudreti, yaratmas\u0131 ve fiillerin ahlaki de\u011feri gibi meseleleri b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Seminerde ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck problemi, insan fiillerinin sorumlulu\u011fu ve g\u00fczellik\u2013\u00e7irkinlik (\u1e25usn\u2013kub\u1e25) meselesi de detayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Allah\u2019\u0131n Fiilleri ve \u0130rade Meselesi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Allah\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn fiillerinin irade ile meydana geldi\u011fi, Mu\u2018tezile\u2019nin \u201ck\u00e2fire iman etme emrinden irade sonucu \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u201d ele\u015ftirisi \u00fczerinden E\u015far\u00eelerin \u201cemir ile irade e\u015f kapsaml\u0131 de\u011fildir\u201d cevab\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde analiz edilmi\u015ftir. R\u00e2z\u00ee, iradeyi bilgiyle e\u015f kapsaml\u0131 k\u0131larak emirden ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Kulun Fiilleri: Kudret ve Sorumluluk Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Kul fiilleri, Allah\u2019\u0131n kudretine mi aittir yoksa insan m\u0131 yarat\u0131r? R\u00e2z\u00ee bu noktada m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan her \u015feyin Allah\u2019\u0131n kudretine d\u00e2hil oldu\u011funu savunur. Mu\u2018tezile\u2019nin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, yeter-sebep ilkesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in ele\u015ftirilir; kesb teorisi ise sorumlulu\u011fu temellendirmeye yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Sud\u00fbr Teorisi Ele\u015ftirisi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Felsef\u00ee yaratma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan sud\u00fbr teorisi detayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Birden bir \u00e7\u0131kar ilkesi, ilk mahl\u00fblun araz m\u0131 cevher mi oldu\u011fu, cevherin m\u00fcteahhis olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi tart\u0131\u015fmalarla birlikte sud\u00fbr sisteminin i\u00e7 tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulan\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, sud\u00fbr sisteminin mant\u0131ksal ve metafizik temellerini reddeder.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck Problemi ve \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2\u2019ya Ele\u015ftiri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bask\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyada, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iradesiyle k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yaratmas\u0131 meselesi, izaf\u00ee k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve bask\u0131n iyilik teorileri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, Allah\u2019\u0131n iyilikten raz\u0131 oldu\u011funu, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise zorunluluk gere\u011fi irade etti\u011fini savunur.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u1e24<\/strong>usn ve Kub<\/strong>\u1e25<\/strong>: Akl\u00ee mi \u015eer\u2018\u00ee mi?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            G\u00fczellik ve \u00e7irkinlik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fczlemde ele al\u0131n\u0131r: do\u011faya uygunluk, yetkinlik\/eksiklik ve dini \u00f6d\u00fcl\/ceza kriteri. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re bir fiilin sevap veya g\u00fcnah olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak \u015feriatla belirlenebilir; bu anlamda mutlak etik zemin ak\u0131lla kurulamaz.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Allah\u2019a Zorunluluk Y\u00fcklenemez<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Mu\u2018tezile\u2019nin \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n l\u00fctuf, ivaz, m\u00fck\u00e2fat ve azap konusunda zorunlu davranmas\u0131 gerekir\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ele\u015ftirilir. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Allah\u2019a hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde v\u00fcc\u00fbbiyet y\u00fcklenemez; O dilerse azap eder, dilerse vazge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

              Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Bu seminer, Allah\u2019\u0131n fiilleri etraf\u0131nda geli\u015fen temel kel\u00e2m\u00ee ve felsef\u00ee meseleleri derinlemesine ele alarak, sorumluluk, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve yaratma ili\u015fkisini hem akl\u00ee hem de din\u00ee referanslarla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin kel\u00e2m\u00ee y\u00f6ntemi, mant\u0131ksal tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sistematik ele\u015ftirisiyle \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yere sahip oldu\u011fu bir kez daha ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              Seminar Purpose and Content<\/strong><\/p>\n

              This seminar examines the theological discussions on God’s acts (af\u02bf\u0101l All\u0101h) as presented in Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s al-Mu\u1e25a\u1e63\u1e63al. It focuses on divine will, power, and the moral nature of divine acts, along with criticisms of the sud\u016br (emanation) theory from Islamic philosophy. R\u0101z\u012b systematically analyzes the metaphysical, ethical, and epistemological implications of attributing actions to God, and addresses related problems such as human responsibility, evil, and the role of reason and revelation in determining moral value.<\/p>\n

              Key Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Divine Will and Human Disobedience<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                R\u0101z\u012b responds to Mu\u02bftazil\u012b objections that God\u2019s command implies His will. He argues, in line with the Ash\u02bfarite tradition, that divine will aligns with knowledge, not command. Thus, the disobedience of a sinner does not contradict God’s will, as the will pertains to God\u2019s knowledge of the act’s occurrence.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Human Acts and Divine Power<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  The seminar explores whether human actions are created by God. R\u0101z\u012b holds that everything within the realm of possibility falls under divine power, including human acts. He critiques the Mu\u02bftazilite libertarian view of human freedom as violating the principle of sufficient reason.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Critique of the Sud\u016br Theory<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    The philosophical theory of emanation is critically evaluated. R\u0101z\u012b challenges its principles, especially the claim that only one thing can issue from the One, and questions the metaphysical coherence of the first emanated being as an intellect. He dismantles the framework by exposing logical inconsistencies and metaphysical assumptions.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. The Problem of Evil<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Addressing the presence of evil, R\u0101z\u012b contrasts the Mu\u02bftazilite and Avicennian positions. He presents the dominant good theory (evil exists to allow greater good) and the relative evil theory (evil is not ontological but relational). He concludes that while both good and evil are willed by God, only good is willed with contentment.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. \u1e24<\/strong>usn and Qub<\/strong>\u1e25<\/strong>: Rational or Scriptural?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        R\u0101z\u012b distinguishes between natural fitness, ontological perfection, and moral rewardability. He argues that while reason can identify utility or perfection, only revelation determines reward and punishment. Hence, a rationally constructed religion is not viable; ethical judgment ultimately requires divine legislation.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. God is Not Subject to Obligation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          The Mu\u02bftazilite claim that God must act according to justice, grace, or recompense is refuted. R\u0101z\u012b asserts that nothing can be obligatory for God. Divine actions are based solely on divine will, and no rational or ethical principle can bind God to specific outcomes such as rewarding good or punishing evil.<\/p>\n

                          Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          This seminar presents a comprehensive critique of theological and philosophical doctrines concerning divine action. R\u0101z\u012b upholds the primacy of God\u2019s will and rejects rationalist ethics that impose obligations on the divine. The discussion bridges metaphysics, ethics, and theology, reaffirming R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s role as a critical thinker in the Islamic intellectual tradition.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 49. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5895","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5895"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5896,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5895\/revisions\/5896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}