{"id":5910,"date":"2025-05-20T17:53:09","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T14:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=5910"},"modified":"2025-05-20T17:53:09","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T14:53:09","slug":"esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-32-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/esref-altas-razi-okumalari-muhassal-32-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 32. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 32. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Dersin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong>
    \nBu 32. seminer, E\u015fref Alta\u015f\u2019\u0131n Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin el-Mu<\/em>\u1e25assal<\/em> adl\u0131 eseri \u00fczerine ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi okumalar\u0131n cisimler hakk\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne odaklan\u0131r. Seminerin amac\u0131, kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n ve filozoflar\u0131n cisim anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle atomculuk, birle\u015fiklik, bo\u015fluk, araz\u2013cevher ili\u015fkisi, g\u00f6rme, hareket ve \u00e2lemin ebediyeti gibi temel meseleler ba\u011flam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak analiz etmektir. R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin kelam gelene\u011fi i\u00e7indeki konumunu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015ftururken, felsef\u00ee sistemlerin metafiziksel varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirel bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler. Seminer boyunca Aristo, \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2, \u0130mam E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee, Kerr\u00e2miyye ve atomcu gelenekler ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
  2. Ana Temalar ve Ba\u015fl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. Cisimlerin \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u00e7e Ge\u00e7memesi ve Atomculuk<\/strong>
      \nCisimlerin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mesinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu, her cisimde birbirinden ayr\u0131\u015fan arazlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cismin kesiksiz ve s\u00fcrekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunulur. Atomculuk bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn teorik temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
    2. Renk, Tat, Koku ve Arazlar\u0131n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>
      \nAtomlar\u0131n arazs\u0131z var olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve her cisimde zorunlu olarak baz\u0131 niteliklerin (renk, tat, koku) bulunaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee\u2019nin araz anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla filozoflar\u0131n madde-form teorisi kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirilir.<\/li>\n
    3. Cisimlerin G\u00f6r\u00fclmesi Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>
      \nFilozoflar cisimlerin de\u011fil, onlar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunurken; kelamc\u0131lar do\u011frudan cismin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc uzunluk ve geni\u015flik gibi niteliklerin cevherin kendisine ait oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerler. R\u00e2z\u00ee ise bu tart\u0131\u015fmada te\u2019lif (birle\u015fme) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    4. Bo\u015fluk Problemi ve Deneysel Deliller<\/strong>
      \nBo\u015fluk var m\u0131d\u0131r sorusu Aristo ile atomcular aras\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, bo\u015flu\u011fu savunur ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6zlem ve varsay\u0131msal deneyler \u00fczerinden bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc temellendirir. Diren\u00e7, hareket ve zaman ili\u015fkisi ba\u011flam\u0131nda Aristo\u2019nun bo\u015fluk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ele\u015ftirilir.<\/li>\n
    5. \u00c2lemin Sonsuzlu\u011fu ve Ebed\u00eeli\u011fi<\/strong>
      \nHintli filozoflar\u0131n \u00e2lemin sonsuzlu\u011fu ve ebed\u00eeli\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, geometrik ve fiziksel delillerle \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. R\u00e2z\u00ee, \u00e2lemin hem ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7l\u0131 (hadis) hem de yok olabilir (fani) oldu\u011funu savunur; Kerr\u00e2miyye ve filozoflar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    6. Cisimlerin Taksimi: Basit ve Bile\u015fik<\/strong>
      \nCisimlerin basit ve bile\u015fik olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilir. Basit cisimler felekler ve unsurlar (su, hava, toprak, ate\u015f) iken; bile\u015fik olanlar farkl\u0131 nitelikleri b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Feleklerin basitli\u011fi \u00fczerine filozoflar\u0131n delilleri ve R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin itirazlar\u0131 aktar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong>
        \nBu seminer, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinde cismin mahiyeti ve kozmolojik yap\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 derinlemesine ele al\u0131r. E\u015fref Alta\u015f, R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin kelam\u00ee miras\u0131 hem muhafaza eden hem de ele\u015ftirel bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 vurgular. Atomculuk, bo\u015fluk, ebediyet ve g\u00f6rme gibi konular ekseninde kelam-felsefe gerilimi \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin fizik, metafizik ve epistemoloji d\u00fczlemindeki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Purpose and Content of the Seminar<\/strong>
          \nThis 32nd seminar in E\u015fref Alta\u015f\u2019s reading series on Fakhr al-D\u012bn al-R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s al-Mu<\/em>\u1e25a\u1e63\u1e63al<\/em> focuses on the nature of bodies (ajs\u0101m<\/em>). The session examines theological and philosophical conceptions of corporeality through key issues such as atomism, composition, vacuums, the relationship between substance and accidents, perception, motion, and the eternity of the cosmos. The seminar aims to provide a comparative analysis of kal\u0101m and philosophical traditions by highlighting al-R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s critical engagement with Aristotelian metaphysics, Avicennan philosophy, and Ash\u02bfarite atomism. Throughout the session, Alta\u015f explores al-R\u0101z\u012b\u2019s position between inherited kal\u0101m doctrines and rational critique.<\/li>\n
        2. Main Themes and Headings<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
          1. Non-Interpenetrability of Bodies and Atomism<\/strong>
            \nThe view that bodies cannot interpenetrate is defended by arguing that each body contains distinct accidents, making continuous extension impossible. This forms a foundational argument for kal\u0101m-based atomism.<\/li>\n
          2. Accidents (Color, Taste, Smell) and the Necessity of Qualities<\/strong>
            \nAl-R\u0101z\u012b maintains that atoms cannot exist without accidents, and that every body must possess qualities like color, taste, and smell. He contrasts this with the philosophers\u2019 hylomorphic (matter-form) theory, especially that of the Ash\u02bfarites.<\/li>\n
          3. Debates on Visual Perception<\/strong>
            \nWhile philosophers argue that only accidents (not substances) are visible, theologians claim that the body itself is perceived, since dimensions like length and width pertain to the substance. Al-R\u0101z\u012b proposes a conciliatory position acknowledging elements from both sides.<\/li>\n
          4. The Problem of the Void and Empirical Arguments<\/strong>
            \nThe existence of a vacuum is debated between Aristotelians (who deny it) and atomists (who affirm it). Al-R\u0101z\u012b supports the existence of void through observational and hypothetical experiments, challenging Aristotle\u2019s view by discussing resistance, motion, and temporal succession.<\/li>\n
          5. Eternity and Finitude of the Cosmos<\/strong>
            \nAl-R\u0101z\u012b refutes Indian philosophers\u2019 claims about the infinite and eternal nature of the world through physical and geometrical reasoning. He affirms that the cosmos is both originated (\u1e25\u0101dith) and perishable (f\u0101n\u012b), and critically engages with both the Karr\u0101miyya and the philosophers.<\/li>\n
          6. Classification of Bodies: Simple vs. Composite<\/strong>
            \nThe distinction between simple and composite bodies is explored. Simple bodies include the celestial spheres and the classical four elements (earth, air, water, fire), while composite bodies possess multiple qualities. Al-R\u0101z\u012b challenges the philosophical argument for the simplicity of the heavens.<\/li>\n
          7. Conclusion<\/strong>
            \nThis seminar presents a detailed exploration of classical Islamic debates on corporeality, metaphysics, and cosmology. E\u015fref Alta\u015f highlights how al-R\u0101z\u012b critically inherits and reshapes the kal\u0101m tradition while challenging philosophical presuppositions. Through discussions on atomism, vacuum, perception, and the structure of the cosmos, the session reveals the complexity and diversity of medieval Islamic thought across physical, metaphysical, and epistemological dimensions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            E\u015eREF ALTA\u015e, R\u00c2Z\u0130 OKUMALARI: MUHASSAL 32. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5910","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5910"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5910\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5911,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5910\/revisions\/5911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}