{"id":5954,"date":"2025-05-21T14:03:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T11:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=5954"},"modified":"2025-05-21T14:03:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T11:03:56","slug":"mehmet-ozturan-ebheri-isaguci-1-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/mehmet-ozturan-ebheri-isaguci-1-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN: EBHER\u0130, \u0130SAGUC\u0130 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN: EBHER\u0130, \u0130SAGUC\u0130 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminer, Es\u00eer\u00fcdd\u00een el-Ebher\u00ee\u2019nin klasik mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n giri\u015f metni olan \u0130s\u00e2g\u00fbc\u00ee adl\u0131 eserine giri\u015f niteli\u011findedir. Mehmet \u00d6zturan, \u00fc\u00e7 seminerlik serinin ilkinde mant\u0131k ilminin gayesini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imini, bilginin mahiyetini ve kavramsal ayr\u0131mlar\u0131 tan\u0131tarak \u00f6\u011frencileri mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel meseleleriyle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Seminerin temel amac\u0131, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca teknik bir disiplin de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi d\u00fczenleyen felsefi bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olarak anlamay\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Gayesi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Seminer, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarifine odaklan\u0131r: Mant\u0131k, insan zihnini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme esnas\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fmekten koruyan ve do\u011fru d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi sa\u011flayan bir ilimdir. Bu \u201calet ilmi\u201d evrensel kaideler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla zihnin do\u011fru bilgiyi nas\u0131l elde edebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin Niteli\u011fi ve Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n Fonksiyonu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, bilinenden bilinmeyene do\u011fru tertipli bir ge\u00e7i\u015ftir. Mant\u0131k, bilinenleri do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlemeyi ve bu yolla kesin bilgiye ula\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir. Bu ba\u011flamda mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilgisi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin i\u00e7eri\u011finden \u00e7ok onun bi\u00e7imsel yap\u0131s\u0131ylad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Bilgi ve Bilgi T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Bilgi, bir \u015feyin zihinde temsil edilmesi (s\u00fbret) olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Fiziksel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n zihinde bulunan bilgi, tasavvur (kavram) ve tasdik (yarg\u0131) olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tasavvur \u201cnedir?\u201d sorusuna, tasdik ise \u201cneden b\u00f6yledir?\u201d sorusuna cevap verir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Tan\u0131m Teorisi ve Dilin Rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0130nsanlar birbirlerinin zihnindekini do\u011frudan bilemeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in, anlamlar\u0131 aktarmak \u00fczere dile ba\u015fvururlar. Dildeki kelimeler anlamlara do\u011fal olarak de\u011fil, uzla\u015f\u0131yla (vaz\u2018) atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle mant\u0131k, anlamlar\u0131n dilsel temsilleriyle ilgilenir.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Mahiyet (M\u00e2hiyet) ve Varl\u0131k (V\u00fcc\u00fbd) Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Seminerde, \u201c\u015feyin ne oldu\u011fu\u201d (mahiyet) ile \u201co \u015feyin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d (varl\u0131k) aras\u0131ndaki temel felsefi ayr\u0131m i\u015flenir. \u0130bn S\u00een\u00e2 \u00e7izgisinde geli\u015ftirilen bu ayr\u0131m, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n sadece teknik de\u011fil, metafizik bir arka plana da sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Tan\u0131m\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve Be\u015f T\u00fcmel<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahiyetini ortaya koyan do\u011fru tan\u0131m, cins (jins) ve fas\u0131l (fasl) bile\u015fimiyle kurulur. Bu \u00f6\u011feler, \u201czat\u00ee t\u00fcmeller\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilir. \u00d6zellik (hassa) ve araz (araz) gibi \u201caraz\u00ee t\u00fcmeller\u201d ise tan\u0131m\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan niteliklerdir. Bu yap\u0131, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sisteminin temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

              Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Bu seminer, klasik mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n temelini te\u015fkil eden tan\u0131m, kavram ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine felsefi bir zemin haz\u0131rlar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin bi\u00e7imsel analizi, dil ve anlam ili\u015fkisi, bilgi t\u00fcrleri ve metafizik temellendirmeler mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n hem teorik hem de uygulamal\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Sonraki seminerlerde \u00f6nerme ve k\u0131yas gibi ileri d\u00fczey konular bu temeller \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilecektir.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              Purpose and Content of the Seminar<\/strong><\/p>\n

              This seminar introduces the foundational concepts of classical logic by way of Esir\u00fcddin Ebher\u012b\u2019s Is\u0101gh\u016bj\u012b, a concise yet influential entry-level text. Mehmet \u00d6zturan sets the groundwork for a three-part series, presenting the philosophical motivation for studying logic and initiating a discussion on essential notions such as thinking, knowledge, form, and essence. The aim is to help students understand how logic functions as a discipline that protects the intellect from error by providing universal rules of sound reasoning.<\/p>\n

              Key Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Definition and Purpose of Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                The seminar opens with a teleological definition of logic: it is the discipline that protects the human mind from error while reasoning. This \u201cinstrumental\u201d science provides universal rules that guide thought toward correctness, particularly when transitioning from known to unknown judgments.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Nature of Thinking and the Function of Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Thinking is described as the structured movement from known concepts to unknown truths. Logic teaches how to arrange these knowns meaningfully to reach valid conclusions. Thus, the key concern of logic is not the content of thought but the form through which knowledge is produced.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Knowledge and Its Divisions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Knowledge is defined as the mental representation (form\/s\u016brah) of things. It exists in the mind and is independent of the physical presence of objects. Knowledge is divided into two main types: concept (ta\u1e63awwur) and judgment (ta\u1e63d\u012bq). Correspondingly, unknowns are either conceptual or judgmental, leading to questions of \u201cWhat is it?\u201d (answered through definition) and \u201cWhy is it so?\u201d (answered through syllogism).<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Definition Theory and the Role of Language<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Since we cannot directly access one another\u2019s thoughts, language is indispensable for conveying meaning. The seminar explains that the relationship between words and meanings is not natural but conventional\u2014terms are \u201cassigned\u201d (wa\u1e0d\u02bf) to represent meanings. Thus, the logical analysis of meaning begins with understanding the structure of terms.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Essence (M\u0101hiyya) and Being (Wuj\u016bd) Distinction<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        One of the most pivotal philosophical distinctions explored is between essence (what a thing is) and being (that it is). Drawing from Avicennian metaphysics and Cujj\u0101n\u012b\u2019s commentary, the seminar demonstrates how classical logic engages with metaphysical concepts to define and categorize knowledge.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Structure of Definitions and the Five Predicables<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          A proper definition reveals the essence of a thing using components like genus (jins) and differentia (fa\u1e63l). These are classified under \u201cessential universals\u201d (al-kulliyy\u0101t al-dh\u0101tiyya), while secondary characteristics fall under \u201caccidental universals.\u201d The five predicables\u2014genus, species, differentia, property, and accident\u2014form the framework for logical classification.<\/p>\n

                          Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          This seminar initiates a structured exploration of classical logic by grounding the student in its philosophical, linguistic, and conceptual foundations. Through its emphasis on definition, form, and the relationship between thought and language, logic is presented not merely as a technical tool but as a deeply philosophical discipline that governs the acquisition of knowledge and the clarity of reasoning. The next seminars will build on this basis with detailed study of propositions and syllogistic inference.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN: EBHER\u0130, \u0130SAGUC\u0130 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5954","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5954"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5956,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5954\/revisions\/5956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}