{"id":6131,"date":"2025-06-11T12:12:55","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T09:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=6131"},"modified":"2025-06-11T12:12:55","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T09:12:55","slug":"cuneyt-kaya-gazzali-makasidul-felasife-3-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/cuneyt-kaya-gazzali-makasidul-felasife-3-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00dcNEYT KAYA: GAZZ\u00c2L\u00ce, MAK\u00c2SID\u00dc\u2019L-FEL\u00c2S\u0130FE 3. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00dcNEYT KAYA: GAZZ\u00c2L\u00ce, MAK\u00c2SID\u00dc\u2019L-FEL\u00c2S\u0130FE 3. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cevher Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131: Be\u015f T\u00fcrl\u00fc Tasnif<\/strong><\/span>
    \nDers, filozoflar\u0131n cevheri be\u015f kategoriye ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ba\u015flar: madde (hey\u00fbl\u00e2), suret, cisim, madde-suret birle\u015fimi ve ayr\u0131k ak\u0131l. Bu ayr\u0131m, varl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n katmanl\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Cisim Nedir? Atomculuk Ele\u015ftirisi<\/strong><\/span>
    \nGazz\u00e2l\u00ee, filozoflar \u00fczerinden atomcu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftirir. Ona g\u00f6re cisim, b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen atomlardan olu\u015fmaz ve yekpare bir blok da de\u011fildir. Cisim; madde ve suretin birle\u015fimiyle olu\u015fur ve bu iki unsur d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyada birbirinden ayr\u0131lamaz.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Arazlar\u0131n Dokuzu: \u0130ki Gruba Ayr\u0131m<\/strong><\/span>
    \nFilozoflar, arazlar\u0131 iki ana gruba ay\u0131r\u0131r: (1) maddeyle zorunlu ili\u015fkili olanlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin zaman, mek\u00e2n, durum, etki\u2013edilgi), (2) madde olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kavranabilenler (nitelik ve nicelik). Her araz, ancak bir cevherde var olabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Nicelik T\u00fcrleri: S\u00fcrekli ve S\u00fcreksiz Nicelik<\/strong><\/span>
    \nNicelik araz\u0131, \u201cs\u00fcrekli\u201d ve \u201cs\u00fcreksiz\u201d olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli nicelikler (\u00f6rne\u011fin geometrik \u015fekiller), kesintisiz yap\u0131ya sahiptir. S\u00fcreksiz nicelikler (\u00f6rne\u011fin say\u0131lar), belirli ve ayr\u0131k varl\u0131klar\u0131 ifade eder.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. M\u00fc\u015fekkek Kavram Olarak Varl\u0131k<\/strong><\/span>
    \nVarl\u0131k (v\u00fccut), t\u00fcm var olanlara farkl\u0131 derecelerle y\u00fcklenen bir kavramd\u0131r; bu \u00f6zellik \u201cm\u00fc\u015fekkeklik\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece varl\u0131k, cevher ve arazlara ayn\u0131 anlam d\u00fczeyinde de\u011fil, dereceli bir \u015fekilde nispet edilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc derste, Gazz\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin Mak\u0101s\u0131d\u00fc\u2019l-Fel\u0101sife<\/em> eserindeki cevher\u2013araz ayr\u0131m\u0131 derinlemesine ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Madde\u2013suret birlikteli\u011fi, cevherin yap\u0131sal temelini olu\u015ftururken; arazlar, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zihinsel ve mant\u0131ksal analizinde vazge\u00e7ilmez kategoriler olarak belirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca \u201cm\u00fc\u015fekkeklik\u201d kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinden varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klara e\u015fit de\u011fil, dereceli bir bi\u00e7imde nispet edildi\u011fi vurgulan\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131, hem mant\u0131k hem metafizik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u0130slam felsefesinde \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve sistemli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Main Themes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The Fivefold Classification of Substance (Jawhar)<\/strong><\/span>
      \nThe lecture begins with the philosophers\u2019 classification of substance into five types: matter (hay\u016bl\u0101<\/em>), form, body, the composite of matter and form, and the separate intellect. This layered categorization reflects the complexity of existence in philosophical ontology.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. What Is a Body? A Critique of Atomism<\/strong><\/span>
      \nGhaz\u0101l\u012b, reflecting the views of philosophers like Avicenna, rejects atomistic interpretations of bodies. A body is not a collection of indivisible atoms nor a solid, monolithic block. Rather, it is a unified entity composed of inseparable matter and form.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. The Nine Categories of Accident (<\/strong>\u02bfAra<\/strong>\u1e0d)<\/strong><\/span>
      \nAccidents are divided into two major groups:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      • Those that necessarily involve matter (e.g., time, place, posture, action\u2013passion).<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Those that can be conceived without matter (e.g., quality and quantity).<\/span>
        \nAccidents always inhere in a substance and cannot exist independently.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n
        1. Types of Quantity: Continuous and Discrete<\/strong><\/span>
          \nThe category of quantity is further divided into continuous (e.g., geometrical figures) and discrete (e.g., numbers). Continuity implies an unbroken extent, while discreteness refers to countable, separate entities.<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Existence as a Graduated (Mushakkak) Concept<\/strong><\/span>
          \nExistence (wuj\u016bd<\/em>) is discussed as a \u201cgraduated\u201d or analogically predicated term (mushakkak<\/em>). This means that \u201cexistence\u201d is not univocally applied to all things but varies in degree when attributed to substances and accidents.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          In this third lecture, the focus is on Ghaz\u0101l\u012b\u2019s treatment of substance and accident in Maq\u0101\u1e63id al-Fal\u0101sifa<\/em>. His detailed account of the five kinds of substance and the nine types of accident reflects a deep engagement with classical metaphysical thought, rooted in Aristotelian philosophy.<\/span><\/p>\n

          The concept of mushakkak<\/em> provides a nuanced understanding of how existence applies to different entities in varying degrees. This ontological framework shows how philosophical logic and metaphysics intersect in Islamic thought, offering a systematic method to analyze reality.<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          C\u00dcNEYT KAYA: GAZZ\u00c2L\u00ce, MAK\u00c2SID\u00dc\u2019L-FEL\u00c2S\u0130FE 3. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Ana Temalar Cevher […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6131","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6132,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6131\/revisions\/6132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}