{"id":7731,"date":"2025-11-18T01:58:15","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T22:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=7731"},"modified":"2025-11-18T01:58:15","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T22:58:15","slug":"m-ertan-kardes-schmittin-uc-klasigi-machiavelli-hobbes-ve-clausewitz-1-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/m-ertan-kardes-schmittin-uc-klasigi-machiavelli-hobbes-ve-clausewitz-1-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"M. ERTAN KARDE\u015e, SCHM\u0130TT\u2019\u0130N \u00dc\u00c7 KLAS\u0130\u011e\u0130: MACH\u0130AVELL\u0130, HOBBES VE CLAUSEW\u0130TZ 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

M. ERTAN KARDE\u015e, SCHM\u0130TT\u2019\u0130N \u00dc\u00c7 KLAS\u0130\u011e\u0130: MACH\u0130AVELL\u0130, HOBBES VE CLAUSEW\u0130TZ 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seminerin Amac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminer, Carl Schmitt\u2019in politik realizmini ve onun Machiavelli, Hobbes ve Clausewitz \u00fczerinden geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel hatt\u0131 anlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. M. Ertan Karde\u015f, seminerin bu ilk oturumunda Schmitt realizminin temel kavramlar\u0131n\u0131, politik olan\u0131n indirgenemezli\u011fi fikrini ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f politik felsefe \u00fczerindeki etkilerini ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Schmitt Realizminin Temelleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Karde\u015f\u2019e g\u00f6re Schmitt realizmi, insan\u0131n praksis alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n indirgenemezli\u011fine dayan\u0131r. Schmitt i\u00e7in politik olan, ekonomik, hukuki ya da tarihsel alanlara indirgenemez bir \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011fe sahiptir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma, insan\u0131n varolu\u015funun kurucu unsurudur. Bu nedenle Schmitt, politik olan\u0131 soyut bir rasyonalizmle de\u011fil, somut eylem ve karar anlar\u0131yla kavrar.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Politik Olan\u0131n \u0130ndirgenemezli\u011fi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Schmitt\u2019in en \u00f6zg\u00fcn y\u00f6nlerinden biri, politik olan\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kategori olarak savunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Liberal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, ekonomik ve normatif alan\u0131 merkeze al\u0131rken, Schmitt politik olan\u0131n kendi dinamiklerine sahip oldu\u011funu belirtir. Politik olan\u0131n indirgenemezli\u011fi, hem modern sosyolojinin hem de klasik felsefenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Schmitt\u2019in Kavramlar\u0131yla D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Schmitt\u2019in kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca politik analiz i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in de verimlidir. Onun kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fi, politik eylemin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini anlamada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir imk\u00e2n sunar. Karde\u015f, Schmitt\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 olman\u0131n, onun kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Liberalizm ve Soyut Felsefeye Ele\u015ftiri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Schmitt, hem liberal politik felsefenin soyut karakterine hem de klasik felsefenin spek\u00fclatif y\u00f6n\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Politik olan\u0131 eylem \u00f6ncesi bilgiye de\u011fil, do\u011frudan fiiliyata dayand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle onun realizmi, bilginin de\u011fil eylemin \u00f6nceli\u011fini savunan bir tav\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Schmitt\u2019in D\u00f6nemleri ve Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Eserleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Schmitt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde farkl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131r. 1920\u2019lerde anayasa ve devlet eti\u011fi \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken, 1930\u2019larda uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve mekan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. \u201cAnayasa Teorisi\u201d ve \u201cYery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn Nomosu\u201d eserleri onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin iki ana eksenini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Realizm ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Schmitt realizmi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir praksis geli\u015ftirmez, ancak Karde\u015f bu noktada bir soru ortaya koyar: Schmitt\u2019in realizminden \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck lehine ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde faydalan\u0131labilir? Schmitt\u2019e g\u00f6re \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kurucu bir ilke de\u011fildir; politik olan\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve karard\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck meselesi praksis d\u00fczeyinde yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Karar ve Normativite<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Schmitt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin merkezinde karar kavram\u0131 bulunur. Karar, politik varolu\u015fun en saf bi\u00e7imidir. Ancak bu karar irrasyonel de\u011fildir; tam tersine kendi i\u00e7inde bir normativite \u00fcretir. Schmitt i\u00e7in her karar, yeni bir d\u00fczenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Karde\u015f, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Schmitt\u2019in \u201cirrasyonel\u201d de\u011fil, \u201cvarolu\u015fsal-rasyonel\u201d bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu\u011funu vurgular.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. D\u00fc\u015fman Kavram\u0131 ve Partizan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Schmitt\u2019in \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u201d kavram\u0131, politik olan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc anlamada belirleyicidir. D\u00fc\u015fman mutlak de\u011fil, fiili bir d\u00fc\u015fmand\u0131r. Mutlak d\u00fc\u015fman fig\u00fcr\u00fc, politik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yerini alan bir hayalet \u00fcretir. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fc\u015fmanla m\u00fccadele, politik olan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini korur. Bu noktada Schmitt, d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zihinsel mutlakla\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uyar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Teoloji-Politik ve Otorite Sorunu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Schmitt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin derininde teoloji-politik ba\u011flant\u0131 vard\u0131r. Otorite, yasa ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Schmitt\u2019e g\u00f6re yasa her zaman bir otoriteye dayan\u0131r; bu nedenle tam anlam\u0131yla otonom bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Karde\u015f, bu noktada Schmitt\u2019in otoriter y\u00f6neliminin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Demokrasi ve Temsil<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Schmitt, temsil ili\u015fkisini demokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin zorunlu bir unsuru olarak g\u00f6rse de, bunun ayn\u0131 zamanda anti-demokratik bir potansiyel ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eder. Demokratik bir d\u00fczenin, temsil mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve otonomiyle nas\u0131l ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi, Karde\u015f\u2019in seminerde sordu\u011fu temel sorulardan biridir.<\/p>\n

                      Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Birinci seminer, Schmitt realizminin politik olan\u0131n indirgenemezli\u011fi fikrinden hareketle nas\u0131l \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce alan\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Karde\u015f\u2019e g\u00f6re Schmitt, modern politik felsefenin liberal ve soyut y\u00f6nelimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 fiiliyat\u0131n, karar\u0131n ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemini hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, yasa ve otorite aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir felsefi zemin sunar.<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                      Purpose of the Seminar<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      This seminar focuses on understanding Carl Schmitt\u2019s political realism and his readings of Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Clausewitz. M. Ertan Karde\u015f presents Schmitt\u2019s key concepts, particularly the irreducibility of the political, and discusses their implications for contemporary political philosophy.<\/p>\n

                      Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Foundations of Schmitt\u2019s Realism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Schmitt\u2019s realism is grounded in the irreducibility of conflict within human praxis. The political cannot be reduced to economic, legal, or historical categories. Conflict is constitutive of human existence, and the political is grasped through action and decision rather than abstract reason.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. The Irreducibility of the Political<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Schmitt distinguishes the political as an autonomous domain with its own logic. Against liberalism\u2019s moral or economic focus, he insists that politics has unique dynamics rooted in confrontation and decision.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Thinking with Schmitt\u2019s Concepts<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Schmitt\u2019s conceptual framework provides tools not only for political analysis but also for critical philosophical reflection. Understanding his concepts is essential before any opposition to them can be meaningful.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Critique of Liberalism and Abstract Philosophy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Schmitt rejects both liberal abstraction and metaphysical speculation. He grounds philosophy in action rather than contemplation, affirming praxis over theory.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. Schmitt\u2019s Periods and Major Works<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                His thought evolved through distinct periods: early writings on state and constitution, later works on international law and spatial order. Constitutional Theory<\/em> and The Nomos of the Earth<\/em> stand as his two central works.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. Realism and Freedom<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  While Schmitt\u2019s realism does not directly yield a theory of freedom, it provokes the question of whether a freedom-based praxis can emerge from within realism. Schmitt denies freedom as a founding principle, but its reinterpretation at the level of praxis remains open.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. Decision and Normativity<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    At the heart of Schmitt\u2019s thought lies the concept of decision \u2014 an existential yet normative act. Each decision establishes order, blending the existential and the rational.<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. The Concept of the Enemy and the Partisan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      Schmitt\u2019s distinction between real and absolute enemies reveals the essence of the political. The real enemy grounds political reality, while the absolute enemy leads to moralized violence and illusion.<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      1. The Theologico-Political and Authority<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        Schmitt\u2019s realism incorporates a theologico-political dimension linking law, authority, and freedom. Law requires authority; hence full autonomy remains problematic. This marks Schmitt\u2019s tension between realism and authoritarianism.<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. Democracy and Representation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          Schmitt sees representation as both necessary and dangerous for democracy. True democracy demands a continual rethinking of representation to avoid turning it into hierarchy or domination.<\/p>\n

                                          Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                          The first seminar demonstrates that Schmitt\u2019s realism opens a path for reinterpreting political existence through decision, conflict, and authority. By revealing the limits of liberal rationalism, Schmitt invites us to confront the realities of political life where freedom, law, and power remain in perpetual tension.<\/p>\n

                                           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                          M. ERTAN KARDE\u015e, SCHM\u0130TT\u2019\u0130N \u00dc\u00c7 KLAS\u0130\u011e\u0130: MACH\u0130AVELL\u0130, HOBBES VE CLAUSEW\u0130TZ […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7731","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7731"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7734,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7731\/revisions\/7734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}