{"id":8362,"date":"2025-11-30T18:56:51","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T15:56:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=8362"},"modified":"2025-11-30T18:56:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T15:56:51","slug":"hayrettin-nebi-gudekli-abdulkahir-el-bagdadi-usulid-din-1-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/hayrettin-nebi-gudekli-abdulkahir-el-bagdadi-usulid-din-1-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"HAYRETT\u0130N NEB\u0130 G\u00dcDEKL\u0130, ABDULK\u00c2H\u0130R EL-BA\u011eD\u00c2D\u00ce, US\u00dbL\u0130\u2019D-D\u00ceN 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

HAYRETT\u0130N NEB\u0130 G\u00dcDEKL\u0130, ABDULK\u00c2H\u0130R EL-BA\u011eD\u00c2D\u00ce, US\u00dbL\u0130\u2019D-D\u00ceN 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seminerin Amac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu seminerin amac\u0131, Abd\u00fclk\u00e2hir el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee\u2019nin Us\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d-d\u00een<\/em> gelene\u011fine dair temel kavramsal \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi ortaya koymak, kel\u00e2m ilminin konusu, y\u00f6ntemi, epistemik kaynaklar\u0131 ve mezhep tasnifi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamakt\u0131r. Seminer, kel\u00e2m\u0131n din\u00ee ilimler aras\u0131ndaki yerini belirlerken, ak\u0131l\u2013nakil ili\u015fkisi, din\u00ee bilginin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, bidat kavram\u0131, mezhepler aras\u0131 ihtilaflar\u0131n sebepleri ve kel\u00e2m\u0131n tarihsel misyonunu ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kel\u00e2m \u0130lminin Konusu ve Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kel\u00e2m, dinin akl\u00ee olarak temellendirilmesini ama\u00e7layan bir ilim olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Temel konusu Allah\u2019\u0131n zat\u0131, s\u0131fatlar\u0131, fiilleri ve bu fiillerin \u00e2lemdeki yans\u0131malar\u0131d\u0131r. Kel\u00e2m nazar\u00ee bir ilimdir; kesin bilgi ile zann\u00ee bilgi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi y\u00f6netir ve inan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131n\u0131 rasyonel olarak savunmay\u0131 hedefler.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ak\u0131l ve Naklin Konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Seminer, akl\u0131n kel\u00e2mda zorunlu bir epistemik ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu, naklin ise vahye dayal\u0131 sabit bilgi sundu\u011funu belirtir. Ak\u0131l ve nakil birbirini tamamlar; nakil akl\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan alan\u0131 a\u00e7arken, ak\u0131l naklin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu ili\u015fki kel\u00e2m\u0131n metodolojik \u00e7ekirde\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Mezheplerin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Kel\u00e2m\u00ee Ayr\u0131\u015fma<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Mezhepler tarihsel ve toplumsal \u015fartlar\u0131n etkisiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Siyasi olaylar, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimler ve dilsel farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar mezhep kimliklerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda belirleyici olmu\u015ftur. Kel\u00e2m bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 sistematize eden ve ihtilaflar\u0131n temel sebeplerini ortaya koyan bir disiplin olarak \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Bidat Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Mahiyeti<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Bidat yaln\u0131zca yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f de\u011fil, din\u00ee nasslarla ve temel ilkelerle uyumsuz olan, dine sa\u011flam herhangi bir delille eklenemeyen \u015feydir. Her yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bidat de\u011fildir; yoruma dayanan hatalar bidat kategorisine girmez. B\u00f6ylece bidat kavram\u0131 hem koruyucu hem s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 bir i\u015fleve sahiptir.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. F\u0131k\u0131h\u2013Kel\u00e2m Ayr\u0131m\u0131 ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            F\u0131k\u0131h amele dair h\u00fck\u00fcmleri d\u00fczenlerken, kel\u00e2m itikad\u00ee alan\u0131 belirler. Bu iki disiplinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 bazen i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7se de prensip olarak ayr\u0131d\u0131r. F\u0131k\u0131h davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, kel\u00e2m inan\u00e7 temellerini konu edinir. Seminer, f\u0131kh\u0131n normatif alan\u0131 ile kel\u00e2m\u0131n nazar\u00ee alan\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Dilsel ve Kavramsal Netlik \u0130htiyac\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Kel\u00e2m\u00ee tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilmesi i\u00e7in kavramlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve sabit olmas\u0131 gerekir. Dilin de\u011fi\u015febilirli\u011fi sebebiyle kavramlar\u0131n anlamlar\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde kayabilir; bu da mezhep farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Bu nedenle m\u00fctekellimler terimleri teknik anlamlarda kullanmay\u0131 zorunlu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Kel\u00e2m\u0131n Tarihsel Misyonu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Kel\u00e2m tarih boyunca hem savunmac\u0131 hem kurucu bir rol \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin d\u0131\u015f etkilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, yeni felsefi iddialar ve toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler kel\u00e2m\u0131n kendini s\u00fcrekli yenilemesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kel\u00e2m hem dinin temel esaslar\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza eden hem de yeni durumlara cevap \u00fcreten bir disiplin olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

                Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

                Bu seminer, kel\u00e2m ilminin temel \u00e7er\u00e7evesini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak ak\u0131l\u2013nakil ili\u015fkisini, mezhep ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n arka plan\u0131n\u0131 ve bidat kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Kel\u00e2m\u0131n hem epistemik hem metodolojik d\u00fczlemde nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, din\u00ee bilginin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l belirlendi\u011fi ve m\u00fctekellimlerin tarih boyunca hangi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel sorumlulu\u011fu \u00fcstlendikleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece kel\u00e2m, hem \u0130slam inan\u00e7 sisteminin kavramsal temelini kuran hem de de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fartlar i\u00e7inde din\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi koruyan ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir ilim olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                Purpose of the Seminar<\/strong><\/p>\n

                The purpose of this seminar is to present the foundational conceptual framework of al-Baghd\u0101d\u012b\u2019s Us\u016bl al-d\u012bn<\/em> tradition by explaining the subject matter of kal\u0101m, its method, epistemic sources, and its approach to sectarian classification. The seminar outlines the place of kal\u0101m among the Islamic sciences and examines the relationship between reason and revelation, the limits of religious knowledge, the concept of innovation (bid\u2018a), the causes of sectarian disagreement, and the historical mission of kal\u0101m.<\/p>\n

                Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. The Subject and Definition of Kal\u0101m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Kal\u0101m is defined as the discipline that aims to rationally establish the principles of religion. Its main subjects are God\u2019s essence, attributes, actions, and the implications of these actions in the world. As a speculative science, kal\u0101m manages the relationship between certainty and probability and seeks to defend core beliefs rationally.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. The Position of Reason and Revelation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Reason is a necessary epistemic tool in kal\u0101m, whereas revelation provides divinely sourced, authoritative knowledge. Reason and revelation complement one another: revelation provides truths beyond rational reach, and reason ensures the correct understanding and interpretation of revelation. This relationship forms the methodological core of kal\u0101m.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. The Emergence of Sects and Theological Divergence<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Sects emerged through historical and social developments. Political conflicts, cultural encounters, and linguistic differences shaped sectarian identities. Kal\u0101m arose as the discipline that systematized these differences and identified the underlying causes of disagreement.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. The Nature of Bid\u2018a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Bid\u2018a refers not merely to a wrong opinion but to an idea or practice incompatible with scriptural foundations and core principles. Not every mistaken interpretation is a bid\u2018a; errors based on interpretation fall outside this category. Thus bid\u2018a functions both as a protective and limiting concept.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. The Distinction Between Fiqh and Kal\u0101m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Fiqh regulates practical conduct, while kal\u0101m determines doctrinal fundamentals. Although the boundaries occasionally intersect, each discipline maintains a distinct domain. Fiqh concerns action, whereas kal\u0101m concerns belief. The seminar clarifies how these two areas complement yet differ from one another.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. The Need for Linguistic and Conceptual Precision<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Sound theological debate requires clear and stable terminology. Because language evolves, meanings may shift over time, leading to increased sectarian differences. Theologians therefore used technical terminology to maintain conceptual clarity.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. The Historical Mission of Kal\u0101m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Throughout history, kal\u0101m has played both defensive and constructive roles. Encounters with foreign ideas, philosophical challenges, and social transformation forced kal\u0101m to continually renew itself. It has served both to preserve core doctrines and to produce new responses to emerging circumstances.<\/p>\n

                              Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              This seminar demonstrates how kal\u0101m establishes its conceptual structure, how it situates reason and revelation, and how it interprets sectarian differences and the concept of bid\u2018a. It shows the epistemic and methodological architecture of kal\u0101m and the intellectual responsibility theologians have carried throughout history. Thus kal\u0101m emerges as a discipline that both preserves the foundations of Islamic belief and adapts religious thought to new historical contexts.<\/p>\n

                               <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              HAYRETT\u0130N NEB\u0130 G\u00dcDEKL\u0130, ABDULK\u00c2H\u0130R EL-BA\u011eD\u00c2D\u00ce, US\u00dbL\u0130\u2019D-D\u00ceN 1. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Seminerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8362","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8362"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8362\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8363,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8362\/revisions\/8363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}