{"id":8639,"date":"2025-12-01T22:13:27","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T19:13:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=8639"},"modified":"2025-12-01T22:13:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T19:13:27","slug":"mehmet-ozturan-katibi-semsiyye-2-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/mehmet-ozturan-katibi-semsiyye-2-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN, K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 2. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN, K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 2. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu dersin amac\u0131, tasavvur ve tasdik ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l zorunlu olarak belirledi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamak, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n konusunun \u201cme\u00e7hule ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bilinenler\u201d olmas\u0131 ilkesinden hareketle tan\u0131m ve k\u0131yas teorisinin neden iki ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00e2linde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek ve ileride i\u015flenecek mant\u0131k kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam bir temele oturtulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tan\u0131m\u0131 Ve Konusunun Belirledi\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n konusu me\u00e7hule ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bilinenlerdir. Bu ilke, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bilineni kullanarak bilinmeyene ula\u015ft\u0131ran bilgiyle ilgilendi\u011fini ortaya koyar. Me\u00e7hul\u00fcn tasavvuri veya tasdiki olu\u015fu, ona ula\u015ft\u0131racak y\u00f6ntemin de tan\u0131m veya k\u0131yas olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. B\u00f6ylece mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 bu tan\u0131m \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Tasavvur Ve Tasdikin Mant\u0131ktaki Konumu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Bilgi tasavvur ve tasdik olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tasavvur h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7ermeyen zihn\u00ee s\u00fbrettir; tasdik ise h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7eren bilgidir. Bu ayr\u0131m me\u00e7hul\u00fcn de iki t\u00fcr olmas\u0131na sebep olur. Tasavvuri me\u00e7hulde soru \u201cnedir?\u201d, tasdiki me\u00e7hulde ise \u201cni\u00e7in b\u00f6yledir?\u201d sorusu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mant\u0131k iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131l\u0131r: tasavvurat tan\u0131m teorisini, tasdikat ise k\u0131yas teorisini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Tarifin Tasavvura Ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Bir kavram bilinmedi\u011finde ona ula\u015fman\u0131n yolu tariftir. Tarif, bilinen unsurlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek bilinmeyen bir kavrama g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Cins, fas\u0131l, h\u00e2ssa, z\u00e2t\u00ee ve araz\u00ee ayr\u0131mlar\u0131 gibi konular\u0131n mant\u0131k kitaplar\u0131nda uzun bi\u00e7imde i\u015flenmesi, tarif teorisinin gerektirdi\u011fi bir \u00e7er\u00e7evedir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Tasdikin Ni\u00e7in Sorusuyla Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 Ve K\u0131yas\u0131n Gere\u011fi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bilindi\u011fi h\u00e2lde gerek\u00e7esi bilinmedi\u011finde do\u011fal soru \u201cni\u00e7in b\u00f6yledir?\u201d olur. Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131yas sa\u011flar. K\u0131yas, \u00f6nc\u00fcllerin d\u00fczenlenmesiyle sonucun zorunlu bi\u00e7imde elde edildi\u011fi bir yap\u0131d\u0131r ve tasdiki me\u00e7hule ula\u015ft\u0131ran temel y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. K\u0131yas\u0131n Mant\u0131ktaki \u0130\u015flevi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            K\u0131yas bilinenden bilinmeyene ge\u00e7i\u015fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. Bir iddiaya do\u011frudan de\u011fil, ancak \u00f6nc\u00fcllerine itiraz edilebilmesi adab\u00fc\u2019l-bahs gelene\u011finin temelini olu\u015fturur. Mant\u0131kta zorunluluk formeldir; \u00f6nc\u00fcller do\u011fruysa sonu\u00e7 da zorunlu olarak do\u011fru olur.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Tasavvur Ve Tasdik Ayr\u0131m\u0131ndan Do\u011fan Mant\u0131k Tasnifi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Bilginin ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n da iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar. Tasavvurat b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tan\u0131m ve kavramsal \u00f6rg\u00fcy\u00fc ele al\u0131rken, tasdikat b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6nerme, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m ve k\u0131yas konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u015eemsiyye\u2019nin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131nda i\u015flenecek t\u00fcm meseleler bu tasnifin sonucudur.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Kaziye Kavram\u0131na Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Dersin sonunda k\u0131yas\u0131n temel unsuru olan kaziye (\u00f6nermeye) ge\u00e7ilir. Kaziye do\u011fruluk veya yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131yan s\u00f6zl\u00fc ifadedir ve k\u0131yas\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunludur. Daha sonraki derslerde kaziye \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve yap\u0131s\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

                Bu ders, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tasavvur ve tasdik ayr\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fdu\u011funu, tan\u0131m ile k\u0131yas\u0131n bu iki me\u00e7hul t\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini ve mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n konusunun \u201cme\u00e7hule ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bilinenler\u201d olmas\u0131 ilkesinin mant\u0131k ilminin b\u00fct\u00fcn konular\u0131n\u0131 sistemli bir \u015fekilde temellendirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca kaziye kavram\u0131na yap\u0131lan giri\u015f, k\u0131yas teorisine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli zemini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                Purpose of the Lesson<\/strong><\/p>\n

                The purpose of this lesson is to explain how the distinction between conception and assent necessarily determines the fundamental structure of logic, to show why the subject of logic\u2014defined as \u201cthe knowns that lead to the unknown\u201d\u2014requires the theories of definition and syllogism to be arranged as two separate sections, and to ensure that the logical concepts to be used in later parts of Shamsiyya<\/em> are grounded upon a solid conceptual basis.<\/p>\n

                Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. The Structure Determined By The Definition And Subject Of Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  The subject of logic is the knowns that lead to the unknown. This principle shows that logic deals not with every kind of knowledge but only with the kind that leads from what is known to what is unknown. Whether the unknown is conceptual or judgmental requires that the method leading to it be either definition or syllogism. Thus, the entire structure of logic is shaped within this framework.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. The Position Of Conception And Assent In Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Knowledge is divided into conception and assent. Conception is a mental form that does not contain judgment, while assent is knowledge that contains judgment. This division causes the unknown to be of two kinds as well: the conceptual unknown raises the question \u201cWhat is it?\u201d, while the judgmental unknown raises the question \u201cWhy is it so?\u201d Therefore, logic is divided into two main parts: the section of conceptions, which includes definition theory, and the section of assents, which includes syllogism theory.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. The Role Of Definition In Reaching Conception<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      When a concept is unknown, the way to reach it is through definition. A definition leads to the unknown concept by arranging the known elements. Topics such as genus, differentia, proprium, essential and accidental attributes are treated at length in logic because they are required by the theory of definition.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. The Connection Between Assent And The Question Why, And The Necessity Of Syllogism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        When a judgment is known but its justification is not, the natural question becomes \u201cWhy is it so?\u201d The answer to this question is provided by syllogism. A syllogism produces the conclusion necessarily by arranging the premises, and it is the fundamental method that leads to the judgmental unknown.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. The Function Of Syllogism In Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Syllogism enables the transition from what is known to what is unknown. An argument cannot be objected to through the conclusion directly, but only through its premises, and this forms the basis of the tradition of dialectical inquiry. Necessity in logic is formal rather than metaphysical; if the premises are true, then the conclusion is necessarily true.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. The Logical Classification Arising From The Distinction Between Conception And Assent<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            The division of knowledge into conception and assent makes it necessary for logic to be composed of two sections. The section of conceptions deals with definition and conceptual structure, while the section of assents deals with propositions, inference, and syllogism. All the issues to be discussed in the second part of Shamsiyya<\/em> follow from this classification.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Introduction To The Proposition Concept<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              At the end of the lesson, the concept of the proposition (qa\u1e0d\u012byah), which is the fundamental component of the syllogism, is introduced. A proposition is a verbal expression that possesses truth or falsity and is indispensable for the construction of syllogisms. In the following lessons, the types and structure of propositions will be discussed in detail.<\/p>\n

                              Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              This lesson has shown that the fundamental structure of logic arises from the distinction between conception and assent, that definition and syllogism correspond respectively to the two types of unknowns, and that the principle that the subject of logic is \u201cthe knowns that lead to the unknown\u201d systematically grounds all topics within the discipline. Furthermore, the introduction of the concept of the proposition provides the necessary foundation for the transition to syllogism theory.<\/p>\n

                               <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN, K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 2. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8639","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8639"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8640,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8639\/revisions\/8640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}