{"id":8643,"date":"2025-12-01T22:14:30","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T19:14:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=8643"},"modified":"2025-12-01T22:14:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T19:14:30","slug":"mehmet-ozturan-katibi-semsiyye-4-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/mehmet-ozturan-katibi-semsiyye-4-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN, K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 4. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN, K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 4. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu dersin amac\u0131, \u00f6nerme (kaziye) \u00e7e\u015fitlerini mant\u0131ktaki i\u015flevleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klamak, \u00f6zellikle hamliye ve \u015fartiye \u00f6nermeleri aras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131sal farklar\u0131 ortaya koymak, nicelik\u2013nitelik ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131yas kurulumundaki zorunlu etkisini g\u00f6stermek ve l\u00fczumiye\u2013ittifakiye ile hakikiye\u2013m\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-cem\/m\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-hul\u00fbv ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 temellendirmektir. Ayr\u0131ca bu ders, k\u0131yas\u0131n \u015fekilleri ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda gerekli olan \u00f6nerme tasniflerini kavratmay\u0131 hedefler.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00d6nerme T\u00fcrlerinin Mant\u0131ktaki Konumu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bir \u00f6nceki derste tan\u0131m teorisi tamamlanm\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131yasa ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce gerekli \u00f6n bilgiler olan meb\u00e2d\u00eenin incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015fti. K\u0131yas\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde kurulabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nermelerin nitelik, nicelik ve yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Bu nedenle ders, hamliye ve \u015fartiye \u00f6nermelerinin tekrar edilmesiyle ba\u015flar ve her iki \u00f6nerme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcm ili\u015fkisini nas\u0131l ifade etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Hamliye \u00d6nermelerinin Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Hamliye \u00f6nermeleri bir konu (mevzu) ve bir y\u00fcklemden (mahmul) olu\u015fur. Bu iki unsurun ili\u015fkisini ifade eden ba\u011f \u201cd\u0131r\/de\u011fildir\u201d yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden kurulur. \u0130sim c\u00fcmleleri ve fiil c\u00fcmleleri haml\u00ee yap\u0131n\u0131n dildeki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleridir. Mevzu hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilen \u00f6\u011fe, mahmul ise h\u00fckm\u00fcn kendisini ta\u015f\u0131yan unsurdur. Hamliye \u00f6nermelerinin do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, nicel ve nitel ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n kavranmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zorunludur.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u015eartiye \u00d6nermelerin Yap\u0131s\u0131: Mukaddem Ve Tali<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u015eartiye \u00f6nermede \u201cA ise B\u2019dir\u201d formu bulunur. Burada A \u00f6n bile\u015fen (mukaddem), B art bile\u015fendir (tali). Bu yap\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in ili\u015fki kurulmu\u015f iki c\u00fcmleyi i\u00e7erir. Muttas\u0131l \u015fartiyelerde iki bile\u015fen aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f bulunur; m\u00fcnfas\u0131l \u015fartiyelerde ise se\u00e7enek bildirimi yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. L\u00fczumiye Ve \u0130ttifakiye Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Muttas\u0131l \u015fartiyeler ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: l\u00fczumiye ve ittifakiye. L\u00fczumiyede mukaddemin do\u011frulu\u011fu talinin do\u011frulu\u011funu ger\u00e7ek bir gerektirme ili\u015fkisiyle ba\u011flar (\u201cG\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fmu\u015f ise g\u00fcnd\u00fcz olmu\u015ftur\u201d). \u0130ttifakiyede ise iki bile\u015fen do\u011fru olsa bile aralar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir gerektirme ili\u015fkisi bulunmaz; sadece birlikte do\u011fru olmalar\u0131n\u0131n tesad\u00fcfi bir e\u015flik ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r (\u201c\u0130nsan nat\u0131kt\u0131r ise e\u015fek an\u0131r\u0131r\u201d).<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. M\u00fcnfas\u0131l \u015eartiyeler: Hakikiye, M\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-Cem Ve M\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-Hul\u00fbv<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            M\u00fcnfas\u0131l \u00f6nermelerde \u201cveya\u201d ba\u011flac\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Hakikiye, iki taraf\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda do\u011fru veya ayn\u0131 anda yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lan ayr\u0131m\u0131 ifade eder (\u201cSay\u0131 tektir veya \u00e7ifttir\u201d). M\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-cem, iki taraf\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda do\u011fru olmas\u0131n\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lar; ancak ayn\u0131 anda yanl\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (\u201cBu \u015fey ta\u015ft\u0131r veya a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r\u201d). M\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-hul\u00fbv ise iki taraf\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lar; aralar\u0131ndan en az biri do\u011fru olmak zorundad\u0131r (\u201cZeyd denizdedir veya bo\u011fulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d).<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Nicelik A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Taksim: Mahsusa, Mahsura, M\u00fchmele<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u00d6nermeler nicelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Mahsusa (\u015fahsiye), konusu c\u00fcz\u2019\u00ee olan \u00f6nermedir (\u201cAhmet \u00f6\u011frencidir\u201d). Mahsura, niceleme edat\u0131 alan \u00f6nermedir ve k\u00fclliye\u2013c\u00fcz\u2019iye olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r (\u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar canl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d \u2013 \u201cBaz\u0131 insanlar \u00f6\u011frencidir\u201d). M\u00fchmele, ba\u015f\u0131nda niceleme edat\u0131 bulunmayan fakat konusu k\u00fcll\u00ee olan \u00f6nermedir (\u201cKu\u015flar u\u00e7ar\u201d). K\u0131yasta \u015fahsiyeler k\u00fclliye, m\u00fchmel \u00f6nermeler ise c\u00fcz\u2019iye h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. K\u0131yas \u0130\u00e7in Gerekli Olan Nicelik\u2013Nitelik \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n Kurulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Birinci \u015fekil k\u0131yas\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fcn k\u00fclliye, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fcn ise mucibe olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu nedenle \u00f6nermelerin nicelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011fru tasnifi k\u0131yas\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu do\u011frudan etkiler. Ders, nicelik\u2013nitelik uyumunun nas\u0131l aranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. M\u00fcnfas\u0131l ve Muttas\u0131l Yap\u0131lar\u0131n K\u0131yasla \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Her iki \u015fartiye t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131yasta kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fruluk de\u011ferlerinin nas\u0131l tayin edilece\u011fi, hangi durumda \u00f6nerme ge\u00e7erli kabul edilece\u011fi ve hangi durumda yanl\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, ileride i\u015flenecek olan k\u0131yas \u015fekillerinin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan zemin niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n

                  Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Bu ders, hamliye ve \u015fartiye \u00f6nermelerinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, nicelik ve nitelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nerme t\u00fcrlerini ve l\u00fczumiye\u2013ittifakiye ile hakikiye\u2013m\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-cem\/m\u00e2niat\u00fc\u2019l-hul\u00fbv ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sistemli bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca k\u0131yasa ge\u00e7i\u015fte zorunlu olan nicelik \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6nerme tasniflerinin nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece k\u0131yas teorisine giri\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli mant\u0131ksal altyap\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  Purpose of the Lesson<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  The purpose of this lesson is to explain in detail the types of propositions and their functions in logic, to clarify the structural differences between categorical and conditional propositions, to show the necessity of quantity\u2013quality classifications for the construction of syllogisms, and to establish the meaning of the distinctions between l\u016bzum\u012b\u2013ittif\u0101q\u012b as well as \u1e25aq\u012bq\u012b\u2013m\u0101ni\u02bfat al-jam\u02bf\/m\u0101ni\u02bfat al-khul\u016bw. This lesson also aims to provide the conceptual basis required for understanding the conditions and forms of syllogism.<\/p>\n

                  Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. The Position Of Proposition Types In Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    After completing the theory of definition, it was stated that certain preliminary principles (mab\u0101di\u2019) are required before entering syllogism. For a syllogism to be constructed correctly, propositions must be understood in terms of their structure, quality, and quantity. Therefore, the lesson begins with a review of categorical and conditional propositions and explains how each type expresses a judgment.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. The Structure Of Categorical Propositions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Categorical propositions consist of a subject and a predicate. The link expressing their relation is formed through the structure \u201cis\/is not.\u201d Nominal and verbal sentences represent this form in natural language. The subject is the element about which a judgment is given, and the predicate is the attribute through which the judgment is formed.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. The Structure Of Conditional Propositions: Mukaddam And T\u0101ll\u012b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        In conditional propositions the form \u201cIf A, then B\u201d appears. A is the antecedent (mukaddam), and B is the consequent (t\u0101ll\u012b). This structure consists of two clauses whose relation constitutes the basis of the judgment.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. The Distinction Between L\u016bzum\u012b And Ittif\u0101q\u012b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Connected conditionals are divided into l\u016bzum\u012b and ittif\u0101q\u012b. In l\u016bzum\u012b propositions the truth of the antecedent genuinely necessitates the truth of the consequent. In ittif\u0101q\u012b propositions, although both parts may be true, there is no real necessitation between them; they merely coincide.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Disjunctive Propositions: <\/strong>\u1e24aq\u012bq\u012b, M\u0101ni<\/strong>\u02bfat Al-Jam<\/strong>\u02bf, And M<\/strong>\u0101ni<\/strong>\u02bfat Al-Khul<\/strong>\u016bw<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            In disjunctive propositions the particle \u201cor\u201d is used. A \u1e25aq\u012bq\u012b disjunction is one in which the two alternatives cannot be both true nor both false. M\u0101ni\u02bfat al-jam\u02bf is the form in which both alternatives cannot be true, though both may be false. M\u0101ni\u02bfat al-khul\u016bw is the opposite: both alternatives cannot be false; at least one must be true.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Division By Quantity: Ma<\/strong>\u1e25<\/strong>\u1e63\u016b\u1e63a, Ma<\/strong>\u1e25<\/strong>\u1e63\u016bra, Muhmala<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Propositions are divided by quantity into three types: ma\u1e25\u1e63\u016b\u1e63a (singular), in which the subject is particular; ma\u1e25\u1e63\u016bra, which contains a quantifier and is either universal or particular; and muhmala, which has no quantifier but whose subject is universal.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. Quantity\u2013Quality Requirements For Syllogism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                For the first figure of syllogism to be valid, the major premise must be universal and the minor premise affirmative. Understanding this requirement depends on the earlier classifications of propositions.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. The Relation Of Conditional Structures To Syllogism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  The correctness conditions of conditional propositions, and how they may or may not be used in syllogistic reasoning, are examined. This section prepares the logical framework for the study of syllogism.<\/p>\n

                                  Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  This lesson systematically explained the structures of categorical and conditional propositions, the classifications based on quantity and quality, and the distinctions among l\u016bzum\u012b\u2013ittif\u0101q\u012b and \u1e25aq\u012bq\u012b\u2013m\u0101ni\u02bfat al-jam\u02bf\/m\u0101ni\u02bfat al-khul\u016bw. It also showed how these classifications are required for entering the theory of syllogism, thereby completing the conceptual groundwork for the next stage.<\/p>\n

                                   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  MEHMET \u00d6ZTURAN, K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 4. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8643","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8643"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8643\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8644,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8643\/revisions\/8644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}