{"id":8654,"date":"2025-12-01T22:17:49","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T19:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/?page_id=8654"},"modified":"2025-12-01T22:17:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T19:17:49","slug":"harun-kuslukatibi-semsiyye-3-seminer-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/harun-kuslukatibi-semsiyye-3-seminer-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"HARUN KU\u015eLU,K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 3. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

HARUN KU\u015eLU,K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 3. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dersin Amac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu dersin amac\u0131 K\u00e2tib\u00ee\u2019nin \u015eemsiyye<\/em> metninde tasdikat bahsine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce gerekli olan temel kavramlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak, \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nermenin tan\u0131m\u0131, unsurlar\u0131, nitelik ve nicelik ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 mant\u0131k gelene\u011fi ba\u011flam\u0131nda sistemli bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ana Temalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tasavvur ve Tasdik Ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Mant\u0131ktaki Rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bilginin tasavvur ve tasdik olarak ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesi hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131r. Tasavvur, h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kavray\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; tasdik ise iki kavram aras\u0131ndaki nispetten do\u011fan h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Tasdik tasavvura dayan\u0131r; bir \u015feyi tan\u0131madan onun hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilemez. Bu nedenle tan\u0131m tasdikin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr ve mant\u0131k ilminin d\u00fczeni tasavvurat\u2013tasdikat \u015feklinde kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Kavramlar Aras\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkilerin \u00d6nermeye Zemin Olu\u015fturmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Kavramlar\u0131n i\u00e7lem ve kaplam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt temel ili\u015fkisi (e\u015fitlik, umum\u2013husus mutlak, umum\u2013husus min vecih, ayr\u0131kl\u0131k) bulundu\u011fu belirtilir. Bilgi kavramlarla kuruldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kavramlar aras\u0131ndaki bu ili\u015fkileri bilmek zorunludur. Bu ili\u015fkiler d\u00fczenlenmeden \u00f6nermeye ge\u00e7ilemez; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6nerme kavramlar\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f h\u00e2lidir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u00d6nermenin Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Unsurlar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00d6nerme do\u011fruluk ve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ihtimali bulunan s\u00f6zd\u00fcr; zihindeki h\u00fckm\u00fcn dildeki ifadesidir. \u00d6nerme konu, y\u00fcklem ve ba\u011fdan olu\u015fur; T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ba\u011f her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcnmese de zihinde varsay\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6nermenin y\u00fcklemli (hamliyye) ve \u015fartl\u0131 (\u015fartiyye) olmak \u00fczere iki temel t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Y\u00fcklemli \u00f6nermede nispet konu ile y\u00fcklem aras\u0131ndad\u0131r; \u015fartl\u0131 \u00f6nermede ise iki h\u00fck\u00fcm birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u015eartl\u0131 \u00f6nermeler biti\u015fik ve ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve her biri farkl\u0131 bir mant\u0131ksal ili\u015fkiyi ifade eder.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u00d6nermelerde Nitelik: Olumlu ve Olumsuz Olu\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Bir \u00f6nermede olumlu\u2013olumsuz ayr\u0131m\u0131 kavramlar\u0131n de\u011fil, konu ile y\u00fcklem aras\u0131ndaki nispetin niteli\u011fini belirler. Olumlu \u00f6nermede y\u00fcklem konuya ispat edilir; olumsuz \u00f6nermede y\u00fcklem konudan nefyedilir. \u00d6nermenin niteliksel yap\u0131s\u0131yla kavram\u0131n olumlu\u2013olumsuz (tahsil\u2013ud\u00fbl) olu\u015fu kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kavram\u0131n olumsuz olmas\u0131 \u00f6nermeyi zorunlu olarak olumsuz yapmaz; h\u00fck\u00fcm nispetledir, kavram\u0131n lafz\u0131nda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Nicelik Ayr\u0131m\u0131 ve Mahs\u00fbrat\u00fc\u2019l-Erbaa<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u00d6nerme nicelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tekil, t\u00fcmel, tikel ve belirsiz olabilir. Tekil \u00f6nerme bir fert hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r; t\u00fcmel \u00f6nerme kavram\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn fertleri; tikel \u00f6nerme fertlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131; belirsiz \u00f6nerme ise nicelik belirtilmeyen h\u00e2lidir ve mant\u0131k i\u015flemlerinde tikel kabul edilir. Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi d\u00f6rt temel nicelikli \u00f6nerme A (t\u00fcmel olumlu), E (t\u00fcmel olumsuz), I (tikel olumlu) ve O\u2019dur (tikel olumsuz). Bu d\u00f6rt form tasdikat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131yas organizasyonunun temelidir.<\/p>\n

            Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Bu derste \u00f6nermenin tan\u0131m\u0131, unsurlar\u0131, t\u00fcrleri, nitelik ve nicelik ayr\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f; tasavvur\u2013tasdik ili\u015fkisi yeniden hat\u0131rlat\u0131larak tasdikat b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn teorik temeli haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kavramlar\u0131n ili\u015fkilerinin \u00f6nermeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, nitelik ve niceli\u011fin ise h\u00fckm\u00fcn bi\u00e7imini belirledi\u011fi ortaya konmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece \u015eemsiyye<\/em>\u2019de tasdikat bahsine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli mant\u0131k zemini olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Purpose of the Lesson<\/strong><\/p>\n

            The purpose of this lesson is to prepare the foundations for the section of assent in al-Shamsiyya<\/em> by explaining the definition of the proposition, its components, and the distinctions of quality and quantity within the logical tradition.<\/p>\n

            Main Themes<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. The Role of the Distinction Between Conception and Assent in Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Knowledge is divided into conception and assent. Conception is understanding without judgment, while assent is a judgment arising from the relation between two concepts. No judgment is possible without prior conception; therefore definition precedes assent. This distinction structures logic into conception and assent.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. How Conceptual Relations Prepare the Ground for Propositions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Concepts have four kinds of extension\u2013intension relations. Since knowledge is built through concepts, understanding these relations is essential. Without clarifying them, no transition to propositions is possible, because a proposition consists of concepts placed in a relation.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. The Definition and Components of the Proposition<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  A proposition is a statement capable of truth or falsity and expresses a mental judgment in language. It consists of subject, predicate, and copula. There are two main types: categorical (\u1e25amliyya) and conditional (shar\u1e6diyya). Categorical propositions relate a subject to a predicate; conditional propositions relate two judgments either through conjunction or disjunction.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Quality in Propositions: Affirmation and Negation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Quality describes the relation between subject and predicate. Affirmative propositions assert the predicate of the subject, while negative propositions deny it. The negativity of a concept does not make the proposition negative; what matters is the type of relation between subject and predicate.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Quantity and the Four Standard Forms<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Quantity classifies propositions as singular, universal, particular, or indefinite. Logic primarily operates with the four standard quantified propositions: A (universal affirmative), E (universal negative), I (particular affirmative), and O (particular negative). These forms constitute the basis of all syllogistic operations.<\/p>\n

                      Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      This lesson clarified the definition, components, types, and logical features of propositions, establishing the conceptual framework necessary for entering the section on assent in al-Shamsiyya<\/em>. The relation of concepts and the structures of quality and quantity were shown to be fundamental to logical judgment.<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      HARUN KU\u015eLU,K\u00c2T\u0130B\u00ce, \u015eEMS\u0130YYE 3. SEM\u0130NER \u00d6ZET\u0130 Dersin Amac\u0131 Bu dersin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8654","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8654"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8655,"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8654\/revisions\/8655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klasikdusunceokulu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}